Galvin Liberty Baker, Becerra-Alvarez Aaron, Al-Khatib Kassim
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Nov;78(11):4905-4912. doi: 10.1002/ps.7111. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
Weeds are a significant barrier to rice production in California, exacerbated by lack of chemical control options and herbicide-resistance in persistent aquaphilic species. Oxyfluorfen-tolerant rice, created at the Rice Experiment Station (RES) in Biggs, California, was developed to provide an agronomic program for managing problematic grass and sedge rice-weeds including Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev. (weedy 'red' rice). Hand-pulling is the most common removal method for O. sativa spontanea because there are no herbicides registered for this pest in California. Oxyfluorfen was used in combination with oxyfluorfen-tolerant rice in 2019 and 2021 field studies to evaluate rice injury and weed control efficacy on prevalent rice-weed species. Additional studies were conducted in 2021 on University of California Davis campus to determine pre-emergent oxyfluorfen efficacy on four California O. sativa spontanea accessions.
Fields studies indicated minimal crop injury in the first 28 days after seeding (DAS), but no observable injury at 60 DAS in both years. Weed control with oxyfluorfen alone was 87% or greater for all weeds rated with the exception of Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla (ricefield bulrush), and Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray (bearded sprangletop) in both years. All O. sativa spontanea exposed to soil-applied oxyfluorfen successfully emerged through the soil surface, but became completely necrotic 28 days after flooding.
Oxyfluorfen-tolerant rice system was demonstrated to be a viable management strategy for California rice growers who struggle with grass- and sedge-weed control as well as provide a novel herbicide option for California O. sativa spontanea management. © 2022 University of California, Davis. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
杂草是加利福尼亚州水稻生产的重大障碍，由于缺乏化学防治方法以及持久性嗜水物种对除草剂产生抗性，这一问题更加严重。加利福尼亚州比格斯市水稻试验站培育出了耐乙氧氟草醚水稻，旨在提供一种农艺方案，用于管理包括杂草稻（杂草型“红”稻）在内的有问题的禾本科和莎草科杂草。人工拔除是去除杂草稻最常用的方法，因为加利福尼亚州没有登记用于防治这种害虫的除草剂。在2019年和2021年的田间研究中，将乙氧氟草醚与耐乙氧氟草醚水稻结合使用，以评估水稻的损伤情况以及对常见水稻杂草物种的除草效果。2021年还在加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校进行了其他研究，以确定苗前乙氧氟草醚对四种加利福尼亚杂草稻种质的效果。
田间研究表明，播种后前28天（DAS）作物损伤最小，但在这两年的60 DAS时均未观察到损伤。除了这两年的尖叶荸荠（稻田芦苇）和束状千金子（大穗千金子）外，单独使用乙氧氟草醚对所有评级杂草的除草效果均达到87%或更高。所有接触土壤施用乙氧氟草醚的杂草稻都成功地从土壤表面出苗，但在淹水28天后完全坏死。
耐乙氧氟草醚水稻系统被证明是一种可行的管理策略，适用于在防治禾本科和莎草科杂草方面面临困难的加利福尼亚州水稻种植者，同时也为加利福尼亚杂草稻的管理提供了一种新的除草剂选择。©2022加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校。由约翰·威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。
