Ni Mengmei, Wang Yingyao, Yang Zhirui, Xu Xuebing, Zhang Hong, Yang Yuexin, Zhang Lishi, Chen Jinyao
Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Aug 22;9:926429. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926429. eCollection 2022.
Fatty acid (FA) in breast milk is beneficial to the growth and neurodevelopment of infants. However, the structure profiles of breast milk FAs and the influencing factors which are crucial for normal function have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to characterize the profiles of total and sn-2 FAs in human mature milk based on two representative urban areas in China and explore potential sociodemographic determinants. Mothers ( = 70) at 40-100 d postpartum from Beijing and Danyang were recruited according to unified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total and sn-2 FA compositions were examined by gas chromatography and quantified. Using the Spearman correlation and multiple regression model, we found that the location and maternal education level were the most conspicuous correlated factor. The milk of mothers from Beijing had higher levels of the n-6 series of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) (C20:2, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA, LA/ALA, and ARA/DHA) than that of Danyang, while the opposite was observed in the n-3 series of LCPUFA (C18:3n-3 and Total n-3PUFA). Compared to the milk of mothers with a high school degree or below, those with a bachelor's degree or above had lower SFAs (C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and Total SFA), n-3 series of LCPUFA (C18:3n-3 and Total n-3PUFA), C18:1n-9t, and higher n-6 series of LCPUFA (C18:2n-6c, C20:2, C20:4n-6, Total n-6PUFA, and n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA). Maternal age, infant gender, pre-conception body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, and gestational weight gain were also associated with total FAs. However, fewer associations were found between the above factors and sn-2 FAs. This study will promote an understanding of human breast milk's lipid profile and help develop a formula more suitable for infants.
母乳中的脂肪酸（FA）对婴儿的生长和神经发育有益。然而，母乳脂肪酸的结构特征以及对正常功能至关重要的影响因素尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在基于中国两个具有代表性的城市地区，对人类成熟乳中的总脂肪酸和sn-2脂肪酸谱进行表征，并探索潜在的社会人口学决定因素。根据统一的纳入和排除标准，招募了来自北京和丹阳的产后40-100天的母亲（n = 70）。通过气相色谱法检测并定量总脂肪酸和sn-2脂肪酸的组成。使用Spearman相关性和多元回归模型，我们发现地理位置和母亲教育水平是最显著的相关因素。北京母亲的乳汁中n-6系列长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）（C20:2、C20:3n-6、C20:4n-6、n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA、LA/ALA和ARA/DHA）水平高于丹阳母亲，而n-3系列LCPUFA（C18:3n-3和总n-3PUFA）则相反。与高中及以下学历母亲的乳汁相比，本科及以上学历母亲的乳汁中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）（C10:0、C12:0、C14:0和总SFA）、n-3系列LCPUFA（C18:3n-3和总n-3PUFA）、C18:1n-9t含量较低，n-6系列LCPUFA（C18:2n-6c、C20:2、C20:4n-6、总n-6PUFA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA）含量较高。母亲年龄、婴儿性别、孕前体重指数（BMI）、产次、分娩方式和孕期体重增加也与总脂肪酸有关。然而，上述因素与sn-2脂肪酸之间的关联较少。本研究将促进对人类母乳脂质谱的理解，并有助于开发更适合婴儿的配方奶粉。
