Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
JCI Insight. 2022 Sep 8;7(17):e162016. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.162016.
Heterozygous mutations in FLT3ITD, TET2, and DNMT3A are associated with hematologic malignancies in humans. In patients, cooccurrence of mutations in FLT3ITD combined with TET2 (TF) or FLT3ITD combined with DNMT3A (DF) are frequent. However, in some rare complex acute myeloid leukemia (AML), all 3 mutations cooccur - i.e., FLT3ITD, TET2, and DNMT3A (TFD). Whether the presence of these mutations in combination result in quantitative or qualitative differences in disease manifestation has not been investigated. We generated mice expressing heterozygous Flt3ITD and concomitant for either heterozygous loss of Tet2 (TF) or Dnmt3a (DF) or both (TFD). TF and DF mice did not induce disease early on, in spite of similar changes in gene expression; during the same time frame, an aggressive form of transplantable leukemia was observed in TFD mice, which was mostly associated with quantitative but not qualitative differences in gene expression relative to TF or DF mice. The gene expression signature of TFD mice showed remarkable similarity to the human TFD gene signature at the single-cell RNA level. Importantly, TFD-driven AML responded to a combination of drugs that target Flt3ITD, inflammation, and methylation in a mouse model, as well as in a PDX model of AML bearing 3 mutations.
在人类中,FLT3ITD、TET2 和 DNMT3A 的杂合突变与血液系统恶性肿瘤有关。在患者中,FLT3ITD 突变与 TET2(TF)或 FLT3ITD 突变与 DNMT3A(DF)的共发生是常见的。然而,在一些罕见的复杂急性髓系白血病(AML)中,所有 3 种突变都共发生,即 FLT3ITD、TET2 和 DNMT3A(TFD)。这些突变的共存是否导致疾病表现的定量或定性差异尚未得到研究。我们生成了表达杂合 Flt3ITD 的小鼠,并同时表达杂合性缺失的 Tet2(TF)或 Dnmt3a(DF)或两者(TFD)。TF 和 DF 小鼠尽管基因表达发生了相似的变化,但早期并未引起疾病;在同一时间段内,TFD 小鼠中观察到一种侵袭性的可移植白血病,这主要与基因表达的定量而非定性差异有关相对于 TF 或 DF 小鼠。TFD 小鼠的基因表达特征在单细胞 RNA 水平上与人类 TFD 基因特征具有显著的相似性。重要的是,TFD 驱动的 AML 在小鼠模型和携带 3 种突变的 AML 的 PDX 模型中对靶向 Flt3ITD、炎症和甲基化的药物联合治疗有反应。
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