Seke Faith, Manhivi Vimbainashe E, Slabbert Retha M, Sultanbawa Yasmina, Sivakumar Dharini
Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West 0001, South Africa.
Phytochemical Food Network Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West 0001, South Africa.
Foods. 2022 Aug 23;11(17):2550. doi: 10.3390/foods11172550.
Natal plum () contains anthocyanins, cyanidin 3--β-sambubioside (Cy-3-Sa), and cyanidin 3--glucoside (Cy-3-G) that possess great bioactive properties. During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, Cy-3-Sa and Cy-3-G are highly sensitive to pH changes and have low bioaccessibility rates of 7.9% and 22%, respectively. This study aimed to therefore use microencapsulation techniques to improve the bioaccessibility of Cy-3-Sa and Cy-3-G. The crude anthocyanin-rich extract was extracted from freeze-dried Natal plum fruit using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction. The anthocyanin-rich extract was encapsulated using the ionic gelation method. Four distinct carrier agents, namely sodium alginate, pectin, xanthan gum and psyllium mucilage were used to form the wall materials. Encapsulation efficiency was highest for alginate/psyllium mucilage beads (93.67%), while alginate showed the least efficiency (86.80%). Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed a cracked and porous structure for the Natal plum extract and a continuous smooth structure for all the beads. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed peaks at 3300 and 1610 cm, confirming the presence of polyphenols and polysaccharides in all beads. Thermal stability was higher for the alginate/psyllium mucilage beads and the observed thermal transitions were due to the bonds formed between the polymers and the polyphenols. Alginate beads combined with xanthan gum, pectin, and psyllium mucilage showed a prolonged release of anthocyanins compared to alginate in vitro alone. The highest anthocyanin bioaccessibility was obtained from alginate/psyllium mucilage beads (85.42 ± 1.03%). The results showed the effectiveness of alginate/psyllium mucilage beads in improving stability and in vitro anthocyanin release.
诺丽果（）含有花青素、矢车菊素 3 - β - 接骨木二糖苷（Cy - 3 - Sa）和矢车菊素 3 - 葡萄糖苷（Cy - 3 - G），它们具有很强的生物活性。在体外胃肠道消化过程中，Cy - 3 - Sa 和 Cy - 3 - G 对 pH 变化高度敏感，生物可及率分别低至 7.9%和 22%。因此，本研究旨在使用微囊化技术提高 Cy - 3 - Sa 和 Cy - 3 - G 的生物可及率。采用超声辅助乙醇提取法从冻干的诺丽果中提取富含花青素的粗提物。采用离子凝胶法对富含花青素的提取物进行包封。使用四种不同的载体剂，即海藻酸钠、果胶、黄原胶和车前子黏液来形成壁材。海藻酸钠/车前子黏液珠的包封效率最高（93.67%），而海藻酸钠的效率最低（86.80%）。扫描电子显微镜显示诺丽果提取物呈破裂且多孔的结构，而所有珠子均呈连续光滑的结构。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示在 3300 和 1610 cm 处有峰，证实所有珠子中均存在多酚和多糖。海藻酸钠/车前子黏液珠的热稳定性更高，观察到的热转变归因于聚合物与多酚之间形成的键。与单独的海藻酸钠相比，与黄原胶、果胶和车前子黏液结合的海藻酸钠珠显示出花青素的缓释效果。从海藻酸钠/车前子黏液珠中获得了最高的花青素生物可及率（85.42 ± 1.03%）。结果表明海藻酸钠/车前子黏液珠在提高稳定性和体外花青素释放方面的有效性。
