College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 1;23(17):9950. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179950.
is ideal for gardening and landscaping in northeast China because of its beautiful flowers and strong cold resistance. However, the short length of flowering time (2 days for individual flowers) greatly limits its applications. Molecular breeding and engineering hold high potential for producing of desirable flowering properties. A prerequisite is to identify and characterize key flowering control genes, the identity of which remains largely unknown in due to the lack of genome information. To fill this knowledge gap, we used sequencing data of the transcriptome to identify MADS-box gene-encoding transcription factors that have been shown to play key roles in developmental processes, including flowering. Our data revealed 41 putative MADS-box genes, which consisted of 8 type I (5 Mα and 3 Mβ, respectively) and 33 type II members (2 MIKC* and 31 MIKC, respectively). We then selected and for functional studies and found that both are localized to the nucleus and that they interact physically in vitro. Ectopic expression of in resulted in early flowering (32 days) compared to that of control plants (36 days), which could be mediated by modulating the expression of , , , , , , and . By contrast, plants overexpressing were phenotypically similar to that of wild type. Our functional validation of was consistent with the notion that promotes flowering in multiple plant species and indicated that regulates flowering in Taken together, this work provided a systematic identification of MADS-box genes in and demonstrated that the flowering time of can be genetically controlled by altering the expression of key MADS-box genes.
是东北园艺和园林的理想选择，因为它的花朵美丽，抗寒能力强。然而，其单朵花的开花时间较短（2 天），这极大地限制了其应用。分子育种和工程在产生理想开花特性方面具有很大的潜力。前提是要识别和鉴定关键的开花控制基因，由于缺乏基因组信息，其身份在 中仍然知之甚少。为了填补这一知识空白，我们利用 转录组的测序数据来鉴定 MADS 框基因编码的转录因子，这些转录因子已被证明在包括开花在内的发育过程中发挥关键作用。我们的数据显示了 41 个推定的 MADS 框基因，它们由 8 个 I 型（分别为 5 个 Mα 和 3 个 Mβ）和 33 个 II 型成员（分别为 2 个 MIKC*和 31 个 MIKC）组成。然后，我们选择 和 进行功能研究，发现它们都定位于细胞核内，并且在体外可以相互作用。在 中异位表达 导致开花提前（32 天），而对照植物（36 天），这可以通过调节 、 、 、 、 、 和 的表达来介导。相比之下，过表达 的植物表型与野生型相似。我们对 功能的验证与 促进多种植物开花的观点一致，并表明 调节 的开花。总的来说，这项工作提供了对 中 MADS 框基因的系统鉴定，并证明了通过改变关键 MADS 框基因的表达，可以对 的开花时间进行遗传控制。
