Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 4;23(17):10118. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710118.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of homeostasis, immune modulation and intercellular communication. They are released by every cell of the human body and accordingly detected in a variety of body fluids. Interestingly, their expression can be upregulated under various conditions, such as stress, hypoxia, irradiation, inflammation, etc. Their cargo, which is variable and may include lipids, proteins, RNAs and DNA, reflects that of the parental cell, which offers a significant diagnostic potential to EVs. In line with this, an increasing number of studies have reported the important contribution of cancer-derived EVs in altering the tumour microenvironment and allowing for cancer progression and metastasis. As such, cancer-derived EVs may be used to monitor the development and progression of disease and to evaluate the potential response to treatment, which has generated much excitement in the field of oncology and particularly in haemato-oncology. Finally, EVs are able to transfer their cargo to target cells, modifying the properties of the recipient cell, which offers great therapeutic potential for EVs (either by specific drug delivery or by delivery of siRNAs and other inhibitory proteins). In this manuscript, we review the potential diagnostic use and therapeutic options of EVs in the context of haematological malignancies.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 已成为体内平衡、免疫调节和细胞间通讯的重要介质。它们由人体的每一个细胞释放，并相应地在各种体液中被检测到。有趣的是，它们的表达可以在各种条件下被上调，如应激、缺氧、辐射、炎症等。它们的货物是可变的，可能包括脂质、蛋白质、RNA 和 DNA，反映了母细胞的特征，这为 EVs 提供了重要的诊断潜力。与此一致的是，越来越多的研究报告了癌症来源的 EVs 在改变肿瘤微环境以及促进癌症进展和转移方面的重要贡献。因此，癌症来源的 EVs 可用于监测疾病的发展和进展，并评估对治疗的潜在反应，这在肿瘤学领域，特别是血液肿瘤学领域引起了极大的关注。最后，EVs 能够将其货物转移到靶细胞，改变受体细胞的特性，这为 EVs 的治疗提供了巨大的潜力（通过特定的药物传递或 siRNAs 和其他抑制蛋白的传递）。在本文中，我们综述了 EVs 在血液恶性肿瘤中的潜在诊断用途和治疗选择。
