Ufa Institute of Biology of Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Octyabrya 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya em., 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 5;23(17):10159. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710159.
Plants frequently experience hypoxia due to flooding caused by intensive rainfall or irrigation, when they are partially or completely submerged under a layer of water. In the latter case, some resistant plants implement a hypoxia avoidance strategy by accelerating shoot elongation, which allows lifting their leaves above the water surface. This strategy is achieved due to increased water uptake by shoot cells through water channels (aquaporins, AQPs). It remains a puzzle how an increased flow of water through aquaporins into the cells of submerged shoots can be achieved, while it is well known that hypoxia inhibits the activity of aquaporins. In this review, we summarize the literature data on the mechanisms that are likely to compensate for the decline in aquaporin activity under hypoxic conditions, providing increased water entry into cells and accelerated shoot elongation. These mechanisms include changes in the expression of genes encoding aquaporins, as well as processes that occur at the post-transcriptional level. We also discuss the involvement of hormones, whose concentration changes in submerged plants, in the control of aquaporin activity.
植物经常会因强降雨或灌溉导致的水涝而缺氧，此时它们的部分或全部会被一层水淹没。在后一种情况下，一些有抗性的植物通过加速茎的伸长来实施缺氧回避策略，这使得它们的叶子可以升到水面之上。这种策略是通过茎细胞中的水通道（水孔蛋白，AQPs）增加水分摄取来实现的。当我们知道缺氧会抑制水孔蛋白的活性时，一个悬而未决的问题是，如何通过水孔蛋白增加水流进入淹没的茎细胞中，从而实现这一策略。在这篇综述中，我们总结了可能补偿缺氧条件下水孔蛋白活性下降的机制的文献数据，这些机制为细胞提供了更多的水分进入并加速了茎的伸长。这些机制包括编码水孔蛋白的基因表达的变化，以及在转录后水平发生的过程。我们还讨论了激素的参与，在淹没植物中，激素的浓度会发生变化，从而控制水孔蛋白的活性。
