Akhtar Muhammad Faheem, Ma Qingshan, Li Yan, Chai Wenqiong, Zhang Zhenwei, Li Liangliang, Wang Changfa
Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Sep 2;12(17):2277. doi: 10.3390/ani12172277.
Sperm cryopreservation is one of the sublime biotechnologies for assisted reproduction. In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend in the use of preserved semen. Post-thaw semen quality and values vary among animals of the same species. Similarly, there are species-specific variations in sperm morphology, i.e., sperm head, kinetic properties, plasma membrane integrity, and freezability. Similarly, the viability of sperm varies in the female reproductive tract, i.e., from a few hours (in cattle) to several days (in chicken). Various steps of sperm cryopreservation, i.e., male health examination, semen collection, dilution, semen centrifugation, pre- and post-thaw semen quality evaluation, lack standardized methodology, that result in differences in opinions. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including sperm preservation, are not applied to the same extent in commercial poultry species as in mammalian species for management and economic reasons. Sperm preservation requires a reduction in physiological metabolism by extending the viable duration of the gametes. Physiologically and morphologically, spermatozoa are unique in structure and function to deliver paternal DNA and activate oocytes after fertilization. Variations in semen and sperm composition account for better handling of semen, which can aid in improved fertility. This review aims to provide an update on sperm cryopreservation in farm animals.
精子冷冻保存是辅助生殖领域一项卓越的生物技术。近几十年来，冷冻精液的使用呈上升趋势。解冻后精液的质量和价值在同一物种的动物之间存在差异。同样，精子形态也存在物种特异性差异，即精子头部、运动特性、质膜完整性和冷冻保存能力。同样，精子在雌性生殖道中的存活能力也有所不同，例如，在牛体内为几小时，在鸡体内则为几天。精子冷冻保存的各个步骤，即雄性健康检查、精液采集、稀释、精液离心、解冻前后精液质量评估，缺乏标准化方法，这导致了不同的观点。由于管理和经济原因，包括精子保存在内的辅助生殖技术（ART）在商业家禽物种中的应用程度不如在哺乳动物物种中。精子保存需要通过延长配子的存活时间来降低生理代谢。在生理和形态上，精子在结构和功能上具有独特性，可传递父本DNA并在受精后激活卵母细胞。精液和精子组成的差异有助于更好地处理精液，从而提高生育能力。本综述旨在提供家畜精子冷冻保存的最新情况。
