Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 1;19(17):10908. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710908.
Road transport is one among the sources of air pollution in a city, which results in lowering the comfort of life and increases the occurrence of respiratory diseases. The level of pollutants emitted in the city is variable, and it depends on the type and nature of the source and the manner of land development. For this reason, the purpose of the article is an attempt at a spatial (inner) diversification of a city in terms of air quality, using a study of perception and semantic differentials (SD). The research, which covered the period from June to November 2021, was performed in Kielce-the Polish Smart City-among local experts, people well acquainted with the city and knowledgeable about air quality and the impact of pollution on human health. The results allowed the demarcation of areas with the best and the worst parameters in terms of air quality within the city. Verification of the survey was carried out using the ADMS-Roads (Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System) software for modeling pollution levels and GIS software, using data on road traffic. The verification allowed checking whether the respondents participating in the research accurately evaluated the city space. The modeling proved that within the two selected areas, the pollution level is similar, and it does not exceed the permitted values. This might indicate that in society there is still low awareness of air quality, particularly in terms of knowing the sources of pollutants and their impact on human health, and perception of areas with the best and the worst air quality was the result of an analysis of the manner of land development and its morphology.
道路运输是城市空气污染的来源之一，这导致生活舒适度降低，并增加了呼吸道疾病的发生。城市中排放的污染物水平是可变的，这取决于污染源的类型和性质以及土地开发方式。出于这个原因，本文的目的是尝试根据空气质量对城市进行空间（内部）多样化，使用感知和语义差异（SD）研究。该研究于 2021 年 6 月至 11 月进行，在波兰智慧城市凯尔采进行，研究对象包括当地专家、对城市非常熟悉且了解空气质量和污染对人类健康影响的人员。研究结果允许在城市内划定空气质量最佳和最差的区域。使用 ADMS-Roads（大气扩散建模系统）软件对污染水平进行建模，并使用道路交通数据使用 GIS 软件对调查进行了验证。验证是为了检查参与研究的受访者是否准确评估了城市空间。建模表明，在所选择的两个区域内，污染水平相似，且未超过允许值。这可能表明，在社会中，人们对空气质量的认识仍然较低，特别是在了解污染物来源及其对人类健康的影响方面，并且对空气质量最佳和最差区域的感知是对土地开发方式及其形态进行分析的结果。
