Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Betty and Guy Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Medical System, Falls Church, VA 22043, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 23;14(17):3456. doi: 10.3390/nu14173456.
Identity is a major construct in the fields of psychology and anthropology that can relate to both the maintenance of eating behaviors and cultural sensitivity. However, there has not been any systematic effort to understand the role of identity in eating behaviors and the maintenance of eating behaviors, or to address multiple aspects of identity within an individual across scientific disciplines. This scoping review aims to understand and describe existing research relating identity to eating behaviors and to detail the measurement of identity.
We conducted a systematic search of Ovid, PsychINFO, Embase, and Web of Science for articles on identity and eating behaviors published between January 1946 and March 2022. We utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, and search methods were developed with the assistance of a research librarian. We rated articles from 1 to 5 based on the depth, complexity, and multi-dimensionality of the identity measurement conducted. Scoring criteria included a review of the number of items directly querying or evaluating identity and the extent of measurement of identity domains.
In total, 100 articles were included, examining 10 different identities, 8 identity constructs, 11 eating behaviors, and construct contributions from 26 theories. The mean score of all articles was 2.9 on the scale from 1 to 5. A total of 10 studies scored a "1"; 30 scored a "2", indicating the use of 1-2 basic questions about identity; 31 received a "3" for use of a common but non-complex identity instrument; 19 received a "4", meaning they contained strong evaluation and included multiple types of identity but were lacking in terms of depth of measure and/or the comparison of identity effects to constructs; and 10 scored a "5" for their strong, in-depth measure of identity and inclusion of multiple types. Identity was found to be significantly related to eating behaviors in all but one study.
Identity measurements seldom accounted for complexities such as multiple identities and identity shifting over time. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that multiple aspects of identity reciprocally reinforce behavior and that change maintenance is associated with identity salience and centrality. Identity is underutilized and heterogeneously applied in eating behavior research. The inclusion of identity assessments may lead to better outcomes being obtained within differing cultural, normative, and environmental scenarios.
身份认同是心理学和人类学领域的一个重要概念，它与维持饮食行为和文化敏感性都有关联。然而，目前还没有系统的研究来理解身份认同在饮食行为和维持饮食行为中的作用，也没有从跨学科的角度来探讨个体的多个方面的身份认同。本研究旨在了解和描述与身份认同相关的现有研究，以及详细介绍身份认同的测量方法。
我们对 Ovid、PsychINFO、Embase 和 Web of Science 进行了系统检索，以查找 1946 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月期间发表的与身份认同和饮食行为相关的文章。我们使用了系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）清单，并在研究图书馆员的协助下制定了搜索方法。我们根据身份认同测量的深度、复杂性和多维性，对文章进行了 1 到 5 的评分。评分标准包括直接询问或评估身份认同的项目数量以及身份认同领域的测量程度。
共纳入 100 篇文章，涉及 10 种不同的身份认同、8 种身份认同结构、11 种饮食行为以及 26 种理论的结构贡献。所有文章的平均得分为 1 到 5 分制的 2.9 分。10 项研究的总分为 1 分；30 项研究得分为 2 分，表明使用了 1-2 个关于身份认同的基本问题；31 项研究得分为 3 分，使用了常见但不复杂的身份认同工具；19 项研究得分为 4 分，意味着它们包含了强有力的评估，并包含了多种类型的身份认同，但在衡量深度和/或比较身份认同效应与结构方面存在不足；10 项研究得分为 5 分，因为它们对身份认同进行了强有力、深入的测量，并纳入了多种类型。除了一项研究外，其他所有研究都发现身份认同与饮食行为显著相关。
身份认同的测量方法很少考虑到多重身份认同和随着时间推移的身份认同变化等复杂性。尽管如此，我们的研究结果表明，身份认同的多个方面相互促进行为，而维持变化与身份认同的显著性和中心性有关。身份认同在饮食行为研究中未得到充分利用，且应用方式多种多样。纳入身份认同评估可能会在不同的文化、规范和环境背景下获得更好的结果。
