Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Sep 3;14(17):3648. doi: 10.3390/nu14173648.
Breast milk is an unparalleled food for infants, as it can meet almost all of their nutritional needs. Breast milk in the first month is an important source of acquired immunity. However, breast milk protein may vary with the stage of lactation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a data-independent acquisition approach to determine the differences in the proteins of breast milk during different lactation periods. The study samples were colostrum (3-6 days), transitional milk (7-14 days), and mature milk (15-29 days). The results identified a total of 2085 different proteins, and colostrum contained the most characteristic proteins. Protein expression was affected by the lactation stage. The proteins expressed in breast milk changed greatly between day 3 and day 14 and gradually stabilized after 14 days. The expression levels of lactoferrin, immunoglobulin, and clusterin were the highest in colostrum. CTP synthase 1, C-type lectin domain family 19 member A, secretoglobin family 3A member 2, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and tenascin were also the highest in colostrum. This study provides further insights into the protein composition of breast milk and the necessary support for the design and production of infant formula.
母乳是婴儿无与伦比的食物，因为它几乎能满足婴儿所有的营养需求。母乳在第一个月是获得性免疫的重要来源。然而，母乳蛋白可能会随着哺乳阶段的不同而变化。因此，本研究旨在采用数据非依赖性采集方法来确定不同哺乳期母乳中蛋白质的差异。研究样本为初乳（3-6 天）、过度乳（7-14 天）和成熟乳（15-29 天）。结果共鉴定出 2085 种不同的蛋白质，初乳中含有最具特征性的蛋白质。蛋白质表达受泌乳阶段的影响。母乳中蛋白质的表达在第 3 天到第 14 天之间发生了很大的变化，在 14 天后逐渐稳定。乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白和簇蛋白在初乳中的表达水平最高。CTP 合酶 1、C 型凝集素域家族 19 成员 A、分泌球蛋白家族 3A 成员 2、三叶因子 3（TFF3）和腱生蛋白也在初乳中表达最高。本研究进一步深入了解了母乳的蛋白质组成，为婴儿配方奶粉的设计和生产提供了必要的支持。
