College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China.
Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China.
Molecules. 2022 Aug 24;27(17):5420. doi: 10.3390/molecules27175420.
Recently, the strategy of multivalency has been widely employed to design glycosidase inhibitors, as glycomimetic clusters often induce marked enzyme inhibition relative to monovalent analogs. Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, one of the most studied classes of iminosugars, are an attractive moiety due to their potent and specific inhibition of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases, which are associated with many crucial biological processes. The development of multivalent pyrrolidine derivatives as glycosidase inhibitors has resulted in several promising compounds that stand out. Herein, we comprehensively summarized the different synthetic approaches to the preparation of multivalent pyrrolidine clusters, from total synthesis of divalent iminosugars to complex architectures bearing twelve pyrrolidine motifs. Enzyme inhibitory properties and multivalent effects of these synthesized iminosugars were further discussed, especially for some less studied therapeutically relevant enzymes. We envision that this comprehensive review will help extend the applications of multivalent pyrrolidine iminosugars in future studies.
最近,多价策略被广泛用于设计糖苷酶抑制剂,因为糖模拟物簇通常相对于单价类似物诱导显著的酶抑制。多羟基吡咯烷是研究最多的氨基糖类似物之一,由于其对糖苷酶和糖基转移酶的有效和特异性抑制,是一种很有吸引力的部分,糖苷酶和糖基转移酶与许多关键的生物过程有关。作为糖苷酶抑制剂的多价吡咯烷衍生物的开发已经产生了几种有前途的化合物,这些化合物很突出。在此,我们全面总结了制备多价吡咯烷簇的不同合成方法,从二价氨基糖的全合成到具有 12 个吡咯烷基序的复杂结构。进一步讨论了这些合成的氨基糖的酶抑制特性和多价效应,特别是对于一些研究较少的治疗相关酶。我们设想,这篇全面的综述将有助于在未来的研究中扩展多价吡咯烷氨基糖的应用。