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基于卫星的物联网极低功耗 ICARUS

ICARUS-Very Low Power Satellite-Based IoT.

机构信息

Faculty of Engineering, HTWK Leipzig, University of Applied Sciences, 04277 Leipzig, Germany.

INRADIOS Rohde & Schwarz GmbH, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 23;22(17):6329. doi: 10.3390/s22176329.

DOI:10.3390/s22176329
PMID:36080787
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9460258/
Abstract

The ICARUS (International Cooperation for Animal Research Using Space) satellite IoT system was launched in 2020 to observe the life of animals on Earth: their migratory routes, living conditions, and causes of death. These findings will aid species conservation, protect ecosystem services by animals, measure weather and climate, and help forecast the spread of infectious zoonotic diseases and possibly natural disasters. The aim of this article is to explain the system design of ICARUS. Essential components are 'wearables for wildlife', miniature on-animal sensors, quantifying the health of animals and the surrounding environment on the move, and transmitting artificially intelligent summaries of these data globally. We introduce a new class of Internet-of-things (IoT) waveforms-the random-access, very-low-power, wide-area networks (RA-vLPWANs) which enable uncoordinated multiple access at very-low-signal power and low-signal-to-noise ratios. RA-vLPWANs used in ICARUS solve the problems hampering conventional low-power wide area network (LPWAN) IoT systems when applied to space communications. Prominent LPWANs are LoRA, SigFox, MIOTY, ESSA, NB-IoT (5G), or SCADA. Hardware and antenna aspects in the ground and the space segment are given to explain practical system constraints.

摘要

ICARUS（国际太空动物研究合作）卫星物联网系统于 2020 年发射，用于观察地球上动物的生活：它们的迁徙路线、生活条件和死亡原因。这些发现将有助于物种保护，保护动物提供的生态系统服务，测量天气和气候，并帮助预测传染病的传播和可能的自然灾害。本文旨在解释 ICARUS 的系统设计。基本组成部分是“野生动物可穿戴设备”，小型动物传感器，量化动物和周围环境在移动中的健康状况，并将这些数据的人工智能摘要全球传输。我们介绍了一类新的物联网（IoT）波形——随机接入、极低功率、广域网（RA-vLPWAN），它可以在极低信号功率和低信噪比下实现非协调的多址接入。用于 ICARUS 的 RA-vLPWAN 解决了传统低功耗广域网（LPWAN）物联网系统在应用于空间通信时遇到的问题。著名的 LPWAN 有 LoRA、SigFox、MIOTY、ESSA、NB-IoT（5G）或 SCADA。给出了地面和空间段的硬件和天线方面，以解释实际系统约束。

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