Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 26;22(17):6435. doi: 10.3390/s22176435.
Breathalyzer is a common approach to measuring blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels of individuals suspected of drunk driving. Nevertheless, this device is relatively high-cost, inconvenient for people with limited breathing capacity, and risky for COVID-19 exposure. Here, we designed and developed a smart wristband integrating a real-time noninvasive sweat alcohol metal oxide (MOX) gas sensor with a Drunk Mate, an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based alarming system. A MOX sensor acquired transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) which was converted to BAC and sent via the IoT network to the Blynk application platform on a smartphone, triggering alarming messages on LINE Notify. A user would receive an immediate alarming message when his BAC level reached an illegal alcohol concentration limit (BAC 50 mg%; TAC 0.70 mg/mL). The sensor readings showed a high linear correlation with TAC (R2 = 0.9815; limit of detection = 0.045 mg/mL) in the range of 0.10−1.05 mg/mL alcohol concentration in artificial sweat, achieving an accuracy of 94.66%. The sensor readings of ethanol in water were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05) from the measurements in artificial sweat and other sweat-related solutions, suggesting that the device responded specifically to ethanol and was not affected by other electrolytes in the artificial sweat. Moreover, the device could continuously monitor TAC levels simulated in real-time in an artificial sweat testing system. With the integration of an IoT-based alarming system, the smart wristband developed from a commercial gas sensor presented here offers a promising low-cost MOX gas sensor monitoring technology for noninvasive and real-time sweat alcohol measurement and monitoring.
呼气酒精分析仪是一种常见的方法，用于测量涉嫌酒后驾车者的血液酒精浓度 (BAC) 水平。然而，该设备成本相对较高，对于呼吸能力有限的人来说不太方便，并且存在 COVID-19 暴露的风险。在这里，我们设计并开发了一种智能腕带，该腕带集成了实时非侵入性汗液酒精金属氧化物 (MOX) 气体传感器和基于物联网 (IoT) 的 Drunk Mate 报警系统。MOX 传感器采集经皮酒精浓度 (TAC)，并将其转换为 BAC，通过物联网网络发送到智能手机上的 Blynk 应用平台，通过 LINE Notify 触发报警消息。当用户的 BAC 水平达到非法酒精浓度限制（BAC 50mg%；TAC 0.70mg/mL）时，他将立即收到报警消息。传感器读数在人工汗液中 0.10-1.05mg/mL 酒精浓度范围内与 TAC 呈现出高度线性相关关系（R2=0.9815；检测限=0.045mg/mL），准确率为 94.66%。在水中乙醇的传感器读数与人工汗液和其他与汗液相关的溶液中的测量值没有统计学上的显著差异（p>0.05），这表明该设备专门对乙醇做出响应，而不受人工汗液中其他电解质的影响。此外，该设备可以在人工汗液测试系统中实时连续监测模拟的 TAC 水平。通过集成基于物联网的报警系统，本研究从商业气体传感器开发的智能腕带为非侵入性和实时汗液酒精测量和监测提供了一种有前途的低成本 MOX 气体传感器监测技术。
