Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 30;22(17):6533. doi: 10.3390/s22176533.
Smart health applications have received significant attention in recent years. Novel applications hold significant promise to overcome many of the inconveniences faced by persons with disabilities throughout daily living. For people with blindness and low vision (BLV), environmental perception is compromised, creating myriad difficulties. Precise localization is still a gap in the field and is critical to safe navigation. Conventional GNSS positioning cannot provide satisfactory performance in urban canyons. 3D mapping-aided (3DMA) GNSS may serve as an urban GNSS solution, since the availability of 3D city models has widely increased. As a result, this study developed a real-time 3DMA GNSS-positioning system based on state-of-the-art 3DMA GNSS algorithms. Shadow matching was integrated with likelihood-based ranging 3DMA GNSS, generating positioning hypothesis candidates. To increase robustness, the 3DMA GNSS solution was then optimized with Doppler measurements using factor graph optimization (FGO) in a loosely-coupled fashion. This study also evaluated positioning performance using an advanced wearable system's recorded data in New York City. The real-time forward-processed FGO can provide a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of about 21 m. The RMSE drops to 16 m when the data is post-processed with FGO in a combined direction. Overall results show that the proposed loosely-coupled 3DMA FGO algorithm can provide a better and more robust positioning performance for the multi-sensor integration approach used by this wearable for persons with BLV.
智能健康应用近年来受到了广泛关注。新型应用具有很大的潜力,可以克服残疾人士在日常生活中面临的许多不便。对于失明和低视力人士(BLV)来说,环境感知能力受损,造成了无数的困难。精确定位仍然是该领域的一个空白,对于安全导航至关重要。传统的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)定位无法在城市峡谷中提供令人满意的性能。基于 3D 地图辅助(3DMA)的 GNSS 可能成为城市 GNSS 解决方案,因为 3D 城市模型的可用性已经大大增加。因此,本研究开发了一种基于最先进的 3DMA GNSS 算法的实时 3DMA GNSS 定位系统。基于似然测距的 3DMA GNSS 与阴影匹配相结合,生成定位假设候选。为了提高鲁棒性,然后使用因子图优化(FGO)以松散耦合的方式优化 3DMA GNSS 解决方案,利用多普勒测量值。本研究还使用纽约市先进可穿戴系统记录的数据评估了定位性能。实时前处理 FGO 可以提供约 21 米的均方根误差(RMSE)。当数据在后处理中与 FGO 以组合方向结合时,RMSE 下降到 16 米。总体结果表明,所提出的松散耦合 3DMA FGO 算法可以为 BLV 可穿戴设备所使用的多传感器集成方法提供更好、更稳健的定位性能。