UMR ASTRE (Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes), CIRAD-INRAE, Montpellier, France.
UMR ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Nov;69(6):4009-4015. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14704. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
Pig outdoor farming is gaining popularity and commercial success in the European Union, and its expansion, together with an increasing wild boar population, facilitates interactions between domestic and wild suids. In the Southern French Department of Ardèche, several episodes of mass mortalities due to infection with an enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli causing oedema disease (OD) were reported in wild boar populations between 2013 and 2016. In order to investigate a potential link between those events and the frequency of interactions between wild boar and domestic pig, we analyzed regional vegetation and hunting bag data and implemented a semi-structured questionnaire survey among a total of 30 outdoor pig farmers and 30 hunters distributed inside and outside the identified area of OD emergence. One third of interviewed farmers (11/30) had experienced intrusions of wild boars in domestic pig premises during the previous year. Similarly, 23% of interviewed hunters reported interactions between wild boar and feral free-ranging pigs in recent years, and 60% reported the observation of free-ranging pigs with a phenotypic feature of Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs (55%). Our analysis identified that in the OD emergence area, several factors could facilitate the transmission of pathogens between wild and domestic suids including a predominance of forested vegetation, a higher estimated wild boar density, weaker levels of farm biosecurity, a higher level of reported wild boar intrusions in pig farms and several reports of feral pot-bellied pig presence. Although our sample was limited, our study suggested a widespread occurrence of situations facilitating the transmission of pathogens between wild and domestic suids. Similar studies in other rural regions in the European Union are recommended, in order to promote preparedness for the emergence and circulation of shared swine pathogens.
欧盟的户外养猪业越来越受欢迎和商业成功，其扩张以及野猪数量的增加，促进了家猪和野猪之间的相互作用。在法国南部的阿尔代什省，2013 年至 2016 年期间，野猪种群中发生了几起因感染引起水肿病（OD）的肠致病性大肠杆菌菌株引起的大规模死亡事件。为了调查这些事件与野猪和家猪之间相互作用频率之间的潜在联系，我们分析了区域植被和狩猎袋数据，并在总共 30 名户外养猪户和 30 名猎人中实施了半结构化问卷调查，这些人分布在确定的 OD 发生区域内外。三分之一的受访农民（11/30）在过去一年中经历过野猪闯入家猪养殖场。同样，23%的受访猎人报告称，近年来野猪与野猪之间存在相互作用，60%的猎人报告称观察到具有越南大肚猪表型特征的野猪（55%）。我们的分析确定，在 OD 发生区域，有几个因素可以促进野生物种和家猪之间病原体的传播，包括森林植被为主、估计野猪密度较高、农场生物安全水平较低、报告的野猪闯入养猪场的情况较多，以及野猪的存在。虽然我们的样本有限，但我们的研究表明，在其他农村地区也存在促进野生物种和家猪之间病原体传播的情况。建议在欧盟其他农村地区进行类似的研究，以促进对共享猪病原体出现和传播的准备。
