Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Feb;28(2):382-393. doi: 10.3201/eid2802.211491.
Edema disease is an often fatal enterotoxemia caused by specific strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) that affect primarily healthy, rapidly growing nursery pigs. Recently, outbreaks of edema disease have also emerged in France in wild boars. Analysis of STEC strains isolated from wild boars during 2013-2019 showed that they belonged to the serotype O139:H1 and were positive for both Stx2e and F18 fimbriae. However, in contrast to classical STEC O139:H1 strains circulating in pigs, they also possessed enterotoxin genes sta1 and stb, typical of enterotoxigenic E. coli. In addition, the strains contained a unique accessory genome composition and did not harbor antimicrobial-resistance genes, in contrast to domestic pig isolates. These data thus reveal that the emergence of edema disease in wild boars was caused by atypical hybrid of STEC and enterotoxigenic E. coli O139:H1, which so far has been restricted to the wildlife environment.
水肿病是一种由特定的产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）菌株引起的常致命肠毒血症，主要影响健康、生长迅速的仔猪。最近，法国野猪也出现了水肿病疫情。对 2013 年至 2019 年期间从野猪中分离的 STEC 菌株进行分析表明，它们属于 O139:H1 血清型，同时携带 Stx2e 和 F18 菌毛。然而，与在猪中循环的经典 STEC O139:H1 菌株不同，它们还携带肠毒素基因 sta1 和 stb，这是产肠毒素大肠杆菌的典型特征。此外，与家猪分离株不同，这些菌株具有独特的辅助基因组组成，不携带抗微生物药物耐药基因。这些数据表明，野猪水肿病的发生是由 STEC 和产肠毒素大肠杆菌 O139:H1 的非典型杂交引起的，迄今为止，这种杂交仅局限于野生动物环境。
