Murry Marit D, Nunziato Rebecca Mendoza, McQueen Ebony L, Bartholomew Melissa W, Marks Amy K
Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, 73 Tremont St, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
Harvard Divinity School, Harvard University, 45 Francis Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2022 Dec;48:101438. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101438. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
The United States is often conceptualized as a country of immigrants, with an origin story of multicultural, multilingual, diverse foreign-born populations coming together to create the fabric of the nation. This narrative emerges through many domains of American society, frequently depicting an image of opportunity for all. Yet historically and contemporarily, immigration has been racialized and wrought with oppressive practices and policies. Research has shown that white Americans tend to define "American" as synonymous with "white" and subsequently perceive those who appear phenotypically not white (e.g., darker skin tones) as "less American." This phenomenon is reflected in immigration policy and lived experiences of minoritized immigrants. Vast theoretical and empirical literature documents the deleterious consequences of discrimination across domains of physical (e.g., hypertension, compromised immune functioning) and psychological health (e.g., ethno-racial trauma, depression). While it is critical to highlight the harmful effects of racism and xenophobia on immigrant well-being, the intent of this article is to also explore how indigenous, restorative healing practices may help communities and individuals heal from xenophobia and discrimination. Thus, the aim of this piece is twofold; (1) briefly discuss and contextualize the systems of oppression impacting immigrants, specifically Latinx communities in the United States, and (2) provide a framework for restoration and radical healing for Latinx immigrants.
美国常常被概念化为一个移民国家，其起源故事是多元文化、多语言、来自不同国家的多样化移民群体汇聚在一起，构成了这个国家的结构。这种叙述在美国社会的许多领域都有体现，经常描绘出一个对所有人来说都充满机遇的形象。然而，从历史到现在，移民一直被种族化，并充斥着压迫性的做法和政策。研究表明，美国白人倾向于将“美国人”定义为与“白人”同义，进而将那些外表上看起来不是白人的人（例如肤色较深的人）视为“不太像美国人”。这种现象反映在移民政策以及少数族裔移民的生活经历中。大量的理论和实证文献记录了歧视在身体（例如高血压、免疫功能受损）和心理健康（例如种族创伤、抑郁）等领域所带来的有害后果。虽然强调种族主义和仇外心理对移民福祉的有害影响至关重要，但本文的目的还在于探讨本土的、恢复性的疗愈做法如何能够帮助社区和个人从仇外心理和歧视中恢复过来。因此，本文的目的有两个；（1）简要讨论并将影响移民，特别是美国拉丁裔社区的压迫制度置于具体情境中，（2）为拉丁裔移民提供一个恢复和彻底疗愈的框架。
