Department of Counseling Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology.
Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Am Psychol. 2019 Jan;74(1):49-62. doi: 10.1037/amp0000289.
Latinx immigrants living in the United States often experience the negative effects of systemic oppression, which may lead to psychological distress, including ethno-racial trauma. We define ethno-racial trauma as the individual and/or collective psychological distress and fear of danger that results from experiencing or witnessing discrimination, threats of harm, violence, and intimidation directed at ethno-racial minority groups. This form of trauma stems from a legacy of oppressive laws, policies, and practices. Using an intersectionality framework, this article discusses the complex ways in which interlocking systems of oppression (e.g., racism, ethnocentrism, nativism, sexism) and anti-immigrant policies impact Latinxs individuals, families, and communities. The article also presents a framework to stimulate healing from ethno-racial trauma titled, HEART (Healing Ethno And Racial Trauma). Grounded in the principles of Liberation Psychology and trauma-informed care, the framework is composed of four phases. Each phase is accompanied by a goal to assist clinicians in helping individuals, families, and communities to achieve growth, wellness, and healing. The main objective of each phase is for Latinx immigrants to find relief, gain awareness, and cope with systemic oppression while encouraging resistance and protection from the external forces that cause ethno-racial trauma. Overall, our intention and hopeful expectation is that the content presented in this article serves as a call to action for psychologists to make psychology a Sanctuary Discipline by using and integrating intersectionality theory, trauma-informed care, and Liberation Psychology into policy, research, and practice with Latinx immigrants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
居住在美国的拉丁裔移民经常受到系统性压迫的负面影响，这可能导致心理困扰，包括族裔种族创伤。我们将族裔种族创伤定义为个人和/或集体的心理困扰和对危险的恐惧，这种困扰和恐惧源于经历或目睹针对族裔少数群体的歧视、伤害威胁、暴力和恐吓。这种创伤源于压迫性法律、政策和做法的遗留问题。本文采用交叉性框架，讨论了相互交织的压迫系统（如种族主义、种族中心主义、本土主义、性别歧视）和反移民政策如何对拉丁裔个人、家庭和社区产生复杂影响。本文还提出了一个框架，即 HEART（治疗族裔和种族创伤），以促进从族裔种族创伤中康复。该框架基于解放心理学和创伤知情护理的原则，由四个阶段组成。每个阶段都伴随着一个目标，以帮助临床医生帮助个人、家庭和社区实现成长、健康和康复。每个阶段的主要目标是让拉丁裔移民在应对系统性压迫的同时，减轻痛苦、增强意识并应对创伤，同时鼓励他们抵制和保护导致族裔种族创伤的外部力量。总的来说，我们的意图和期望是，本文所呈现的内容呼吁心理学家通过在政策、研究和实践中运用和整合交叉性理论、创伤知情护理和解放心理学，使心理学成为一门避难学科，为拉丁裔移民服务。（APA，2019 年，所有权利保留）。
