School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Prev Med. 2022 Nov;164:107235. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107235. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
Risk and protective factors for cannabis use exist at various levels of influence, and the school environment can play a key role in preventing cannabis use and initiation as most youth. By using the socio-ecological model to hierarchically characterize school-specific risk and protective factors, a wholistic approach to school-based cannabis use prevention can be demonstrated. This study uses scoping review methodology to describe current research on school-level risk and protective factors of youth cannabis use. The socio-ecological model was used as a guiding framework to characterize the literature. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were used to retrieve original research articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined cannabis use as a main outcome of interest. Articles that examined school-related risk and protective factors within participants who were 18 years old or younger were included. Articles that met the pre-established criteria were extracted and categorised by theme based on levels of the socio-ecological framework. Four levels of risk and protective factors related to the school environment were identified (individual, interpersonal, community, and societal). A majority of school-based research examined individual and societal factors that influenced youth cannabis use. Our findings suggest most available research has focused on individual and societal school-level factors of cannabis use. A number of consistent themes were identified, however, findings were mixed and demonstrate the need for a more critical examination of research in order to understand which risk and protective factors are most influential among youth.
存在于各种影响层面的大麻使用风险和保护因素，学校环境可以在预防大多数青少年使用和开始使用大麻方面发挥关键作用。通过使用社会生态学模型对特定学校的风险和保护因素进行分层描述，可以展示一种基于学校的整体大麻使用预防方法。本研究使用范围综述方法来描述当前关于青少年大麻使用的学校层面风险和保护因素的研究。社会生态学模型被用作描述文献的指导框架。使用 PubMed、Embase 和 Scopus 检索了 2010 年至 2020 年间发表的、以大麻使用为主要研究结果的原始研究文章。纳入了研究参与者在 18 岁或以下、调查与学校相关的风险和保护因素的文章。根据社会生态框架的层次，对符合预先设定标准的文章进行了提取和分类。确定了与学校环境相关的四个层次的风险和保护因素（个体、人际、社区和社会）。大多数基于学校的研究都考察了影响青少年大麻使用的个体和社会因素。我们的研究结果表明，大多数现有的研究都集中在大麻使用的个体和社会学校层面因素上。然而，确定了一些一致的主题，但研究结果存在差异，这表明需要更批判性地审查研究，以了解哪些风险和保护因素对青少年最具影响力。
