Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Nov;81:101731. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101731. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
The present study explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between protein intake and physical function in older adults.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated the association between protein intake and measures of physical function in older adults. Cross-sectional, case-control, and longitudinal cohort studies that investigated the association between protein intake and physical function as a primary or secondary outcome in people aged 60 + years were included. Studies published in languages other than English, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish were excluded. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, AgeLine, and Food Science Source databases through January 31, 2022. A pooled effect size was calculated based on standard mean differences (SMD), MD, log odds ratio (OR) and Z-score..
Twenty-two cross-sectional studies examined a total of 11,332 community-dwellers, hospitalized older adults, and elite senior athletes with a mean age of approximately 75 years. The pooled analysis indicated that a protein intake higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was significantly associated with higher Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.99, P-value: 0.0006), faster walking speed, greater lower-limb (SMD: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.40, P-value: 0.02) and isometric handgrip strength (Z-score: 0.087, 95% CI: 0.046-0.128, P-value: 0.0001), and better balance (SMD: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62, P-value: 0.02). Nine longitudinal studies investigated 12,424 community-dwelling and native older adults with a mean age of approximately 85 years. A protein intake higher than the current RDA was not associated with lower decline in either isometric handgrip strength (logOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.02, P-value= 0.67) or walking speed (logOR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.10, P-value= 0.35).
A protein intake higher than the RDA is cross-sectionally associated with better physical performance and greater muscle strength in older adults. However, a high consumption of proteins does not seem to prevent physical function decline over time.
本研究探讨了老年人蛋白质摄入量与身体功能之间的横断面和纵向关联。
我们对横断面和纵向研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，这些研究调查了老年人蛋白质摄入量与身体功能测量值之间的关系。纳入了研究蛋白质摄入量与 60 岁及以上人群身体功能作为主要或次要结局之间关系的横断面、病例对照和纵向队列研究。排除了以英语、意大利语、葡萄牙语或西班牙语以外的语言发表的研究。通过 MEDLINE、SCOPUS、EMBASE、CINAHL、AgeLine 和 Food Science Source 数据库检索了截至 2022 年 1 月 31 日的研究。基于标准均数差值（SMD）、MD、对数比值（OR）和 Z 分数计算了汇总效应量。
22 项横断面研究共纳入了 11332 名社区居民、住院老年人和精英老年运动员，平均年龄约为 75 岁。荟萃分析表明，高于推荐膳食允许量（RDA）的蛋白质摄入量与较高的短体性能电池（SPPB）评分显著相关（SMD：0.63，95%CI：0.27，0.99，P 值：0.0006）、较快的步行速度、较大的下肢（SMD：0.22，95%CI：0.04，0.40，P 值：0.02）和等速握力（Z 分数：0.087，95%CI：0.046-0.128，P 值：0.0001）和更好的平衡（SMD：0.33，95%CI：0.05，0.62，P 值：0.02）。9 项纵向研究调查了 12424 名社区居住和本地老年人，平均年龄约为 85 岁。高于当前 RDA 的蛋白质摄入量与等速握力（logOR：0.99，95%CI：0.97-1.02，P 值=0.67）或步行速度（logOR：0.92，95%CI：0.77-1.10，P 值=0.35）的下降无关。
高于 RDA 的蛋白质摄入量与老年人的身体表现和更大的肌肉力量呈横断面相关。然而，高蛋白质的消耗似乎并不能防止身体功能随时间的下降。
