State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, PR China.
Prog Neurobiol. 2022 Dec;219:102351. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102351. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Although memory has long been recognized as a generative process, neural research of memory in recent decades has been predominantly influenced by Tulving's "mental time traveling" perspective and focused on the reactivation and consolidation of encoded memory representations. With the development of multiple powerful analytical approaches to characterize the contents and formats of neural representations, recent studies are able to provide detailed examinations of the representations at various processing stages and have provided exciting new insights into the transformative nature of episodic memory. These studies have revealed the rapid, substantial, and continuous transformation of memory representation during the encoding, maintenance, consolidation, and retrieval of both single and multiple events, as well as event sequences. These transformations are characterized by the abstraction, integration, differentiation, and reorganization of memory representations, enabling the long-term retention and generalization of memory. These studies mark a significant shift in perspective from remembering to reconstruction, which might better reveal the nature of memory and its roles in supporting more effective learning, adaptive decision-making, and creative problem solving.
虽然记忆长期以来一直被认为是一个生成过程，但近几十年来，神经科学对记忆的研究主要受到图尔文（Tulving）“心理时间旅行”观点的影响，侧重于对编码记忆的再激活和巩固。随着多种强大的分析方法的发展，可以对神经表示的内容和格式进行特征描述，最近的研究能够详细检查各个处理阶段的表示，为情景记忆的转换性质提供了令人兴奋的新见解。这些研究揭示了在单个和多个事件以及事件序列的编码、保持、巩固和检索过程中，记忆表示的快速、实质性和连续转换。这些转换的特征是记忆表示的抽象、整合、分化和重组，从而实现记忆的长期保留和概括。这些研究标志着从记忆到重构的视角的重大转变，这可能更好地揭示了记忆的本质及其在支持更有效的学习、适应性决策和创造性问题解决方面的作用。
