Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Transl Neurodegener. 2022 Sep 11;11(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40035-022-00316-y.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a life-threatening disease, especially in elderly individuals and those with comorbidities. The predominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is respiratory dysfunction, while neurological presentations are increasingly being recognized. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells primarily via attachment of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on cell membranes. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and prone to severe clinical outcomes. Recent studies have revealed some common risk factors for AD and COVID-19. An understanding of the association between COVID-19 and AD and the potential related mechanisms may lead to the development of novel approaches to treating both diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades the central nervous system (CNS) and then discuss the associations and potential shared key factors between COVID-19 and AD, with a focus on the ACE2 receptor, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, age, and neuroinflammation.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起，是一种危及生命的疾病，尤其对老年人和有合并症的患者而言。COVID-19 的主要临床表现为呼吸系统功能障碍，而神经系统表现也越来越受到重视。SARS-CoV-2 主要通过其刺突蛋白与细胞膜上表达的血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）受体结合来入侵宿主细胞。阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者更容易感染 SARS-CoV-2，且易出现严重的临床结局。最近的研究揭示了 AD 和 COVID-19 的一些共同危险因素。了解 COVID-19 和 AD 之间的关联及其潜在的相关机制，可能会为治疗这两种疾病提供新的方法。在本综述中，我们首先总结了 SARS-CoV-2 入侵中枢神经系统（CNS）的机制，然后讨论了 COVID-19 和 AD 之间的关联和潜在的共同关键因素，重点关注 ACE2 受体、载脂蛋白 E（APOE）基因型、年龄和神经炎症。
