Psychology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.
Memory. 2022 Nov;30(10):1349-1386. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2120203. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
People who read and dismiss distracting notifications while performing academic or professional tasks may pay a high cognitive price. Multimedia interruptions clearly impair comprehension and memory; however, their impact may depend on the individual's cognitive abilities and experiences. In a pilot study and two experiments, we explored the effects of three levels of distraction from cellphone notifications (no notifications, dismiss notifications and read notifications) on memory for categorised word lists. Individual differences in working memory capacity, attachment to and dependence on cellphones, and media multitasking, texting, video gaming and musical experience were assessed. Memory impairment increased with the level of distraction irrespective of participant scores on the individual difference measures. Dismissing notifications disrupted relational processing more than individual-item processing, whereas reading notifications disrupted both types of processing. Heavy texters demonstrated particularly poor memory performance, whereas individuals with high working memory capacity and high reliance on their cellphones performed relatively well. These results were interpreted in terms of recent multitasking theories and suggest that no one is immune from the disruptive effects of cellphone notifications while performing academic or professional tasks.
人们在进行学术或专业任务时阅读并忽略分散注意力的通知，可能会付出高昂的认知代价。多媒体干扰显然会损害理解和记忆；然而，其影响可能取决于个体的认知能力和经验。在一项初步研究和两项实验中，我们探讨了手机通知（无通知、忽略通知和阅读通知）三种干扰水平对分类单词列表记忆的影响。评估了工作记忆能力、对手机的依恋和依赖、媒体多任务处理、发短信、视频游戏和音乐体验的个体差异。无论参与者在个体差异测量上的得分如何，记忆障碍都会随着干扰程度的增加而增加。忽略通知比单独处理项目更能干扰关系处理，而阅读通知则会干扰这两种处理方式。重度短信使用者表现出特别差的记忆表现，而具有高工作记忆能力和高度依赖手机的个体则表现相对较好。这些结果是根据最近的多任务处理理论来解释的，表明在进行学术或专业任务时，没有人能免受手机通知的干扰影响。
