Pacheco Catalina R, Scheeringa Michael S
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans, LA.
J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2022;31(6):695-714. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2021.1994498. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
This study examined the influence of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress (PTS) severity on accuracy of recall of autobiographical memory of traumatic events and pleasant events in very young children. Two hundred sixteen 3-6 year-old children with trauma exposure were interviewed with standardized interviews. Forty-one non-trauma-exposed controls were interviewed about stressful events for comparison. Accuracy of recall for both traumatic and pleasant events was not associated with severity of PTS. Trauma-exposed children showed significantly less accurate recall of trauma events compared to pleasant events. This difference was limited to children who experienced repeated trauma or Hurricane Katrina-related trauma experiences as opposed to single-blow types of trauma experiences. There was no difference in accuracy of recall of trauma events in the trauma-exposed group versus stressful events in the control group. There was also no difference in accuracy of recall of pleasant events between the trauma-exposed and the control groups. These findings do not support traditional theories that autobiographical recall is impaired in those with posttraumatic stress disorder or with trauma exposure. These findings demonstrate that very young children have access to and can verbalize accurate autobiographical recall of trauma events, which is important for clinical assessment and treatment.
本研究考察了创伤暴露和创伤后应激（PTS）严重程度对幼儿创伤事件和愉快事件自传体记忆回忆准确性的影响。对216名有创伤暴露的3至6岁儿童进行了标准化访谈。对41名无创伤暴露的对照组儿童进行了关于应激事件的访谈以作比较。创伤事件和愉快事件的回忆准确性均与PTS严重程度无关。与愉快事件相比，有创伤暴露的儿童对创伤事件的回忆准确性显著更低。这种差异仅限于经历过反复创伤或与卡特里娜飓风相关创伤经历的儿童，而非单次打击类型的创伤经历。有创伤暴露组对创伤事件的回忆准确性与对照组对应激事件的回忆准确性没有差异。有创伤暴露组和对照组对愉快事件的回忆准确性也没有差异。这些发现不支持传统理论，即创伤后应激障碍患者或有创伤暴露者的自传体回忆受损。这些发现表明，幼儿能够获取并能清晰表达对创伤事件的准确自传体回忆，这对临床评估和治疗很重要。
