Ma Kaixuan, Wang Yu, Yang Xinyu, Wang Cen, Han Yeqing, Huang Xinduo, Guo Peifeng, Du Jing, Chen Yue, Pan Jiao
Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
National Center for Archaeology, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 25;13:958914. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958914. eCollection 2022.
After the recovery of the ship from the sea on 2007, the Nanhai No. 1 Ancient Shipwreck is currently exposed to the air. Air microorganisms settle on wooden shipwrecks, and they can use wood matrix to grow and multiply, causing biocorrosion and biodegradation. In this study, a systematical survey of the composition of culturable airborne microorganisms was performed at the conservation site of the Nanhai No. 1 Ancient Shipwreck. Airborne microorganisms were collected from seven sites in the preservation Nanhai No. 1 area over five periods. Molecular identification of the culturable microorganisms isolated from the air was done by sequencing both 16S rRNA (bacteria) and ITS (fungi) gene regions. The biodegradability of these strains was evaluated by degradation experiments with cellulose and lignin as substrate. The results showed that the composition of the isolated microbial communities was different in each period, and microbial spatial distribution was dissimilar in the same period. In the recent 2020, the dominant bacterial genus was , and the dominant fungal genera were , , and . spp. can degrade cellulose and lignin. spp., spp., and spp. degraded cellulose but only spp. could utilize lignin. These dominant strains may have a harmful effect on the Nanhai No. 1 Ancient Shipwreck. This study provides data on the airborne microbial community found inside the protective chamber where Nanhai No. 1 Shipereck is placed, which can be used as a reference basis for the future conservation of the ship.
2007年古沉船“南海一号”从海底打捞出水后，目前处于露天环境。空气微生物会沉降在木质沉船上，利用木材基质生长繁殖，造成生物腐蚀和生物降解。本研究对“南海一号”古沉船保护现场可培养空气微生物的组成进行了系统调查。在五个时间段内，从“南海一号”保护区的七个地点采集空气微生物。通过对分离出的可培养微生物的16S rRNA（细菌）和ITS（真菌）基因区域进行测序，对其进行分子鉴定。以纤维素和木质素为底物，通过降解实验评估这些菌株的生物降解能力。结果表明，各时间段分离出的微生物群落组成不同，同一时间段内微生物的空间分布也存在差异。在最近的2020年，优势细菌属为 ，优势真菌属为 、 、 。 spp. 能够降解纤维素和木质素。 spp.、 spp. 和 spp. 能降解纤维素，但只有 spp. 能利用木质素。这些优势菌株可能会对“南海一号”古沉船产生有害影响。本研究提供了放置“南海一号”沉船的保护室内空气微生物群落的数据，可为该沉船未来的保护工作提供参考依据。
