Girma Fekede, Fininsa Chemeda, Terefe Habtamu, Amsalu Berhanu
Department of Plant Sciences, Dilla University, P.O. Box 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2022 Aug 28;8(8):e10425. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10425. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Common bean is the most important pulse crops worldwide and in Ethiopia for its multipurpose uses. However, common bean production and productivity is mainly constrained by common bacterial blight (CBB) and angular leaf spot (ALS) diseases. Identifying and using resistant common bean genotypes is the best option to reduce the impact of such bacterial and fungal diseases. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the genetic resistance of 25 common bean genotypes as treatments to CBB and ALS diseases, and agronomic performances at Haramaya and Melkassa, Ethiopia, during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 5 triple lattice design with three replications. Data on disease intensity, growth, grain yield and yield components were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated significant (p < 0.0001) variations existed among the genotypes for diseases intensity, grain yield and yield components. Eight genotypes, namely DAB-388, DAB-478, DRKDDRB-70, DRKDDRB-81, NUA-225, NUA-517, NUA-536 and NUA-577 attained relatively low disease severity, AUDPC and disease progress rate next to the checks Zoasho (DAB-96) and Gorossa (Biofort large seed-5) to both common bean diseases regardless of locations and seasons. The genotype DAB-525 showed a moderately resistant reaction to both CBB and ALS, and the other genotypes demonstrated variable disease resistance reactions at both locations and in the two cropping years. Similarly, genotypes DAB-388, NUA-225, NUA-517, and NUA-577 relatively executed well for grain yield and yield components at both experimental fields in the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. Disease severity and grain yield variably and negatively associated with reaction groups of genotypes evaluated for reaction CBB and ALS diseases. In the study, resistance to CBB and ALS diseases and good agronomic performing common bean genotypes were identified which could be important for smallholder and commercial bean production in the study area and other similar agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. It is suggested that a large number of common bean accessions should be evaluated in CBB and ALS hot spot agro-ecologies of Ethiopia for more sources of resistance and better agronomic advantages.
菜豆是全球及埃塞俄比亚最重要的豆类作物，具有多种用途。然而，菜豆的生产和生产力主要受到普通细菌性疫病（CBB）和角斑病（ALS）的制约。识别并使用抗病菜豆基因型是减轻此类细菌和真菌病害影响的最佳选择。在2019年和2020年主要种植季节，于埃塞俄比亚的哈拉马亚和梅尔卡萨开展了田间试验，以评估25种菜豆基因型作为处理对CBB和ALS病害的遗传抗性以及农艺性能。处理采用5×5三重格子设计，重复三次。记录了病害强度、生长、籽粒产量和产量构成因素的数据。方差分析表明，基因型在病害强度、籽粒产量和产量构成因素方面存在显著（p < 0.0001）差异。八个基因型，即DAB - 388、DAB - 478、DRKDDRB - 70、DRKDDRB - 81、NUA - 225、NUA - 517、NUA - 536和NUA - 577，无论在哪个地点和季节，相对于对照品种佐阿肖（DAB - 96）和戈罗萨（生物强化大粒种子 - 5），其病害严重程度、AUDPC和病害进展速率都相对较低。基因型DAB - 525对CBB和ALS均表现出中度抗性反应，其他基因型在两个地点和两个种植年份均表现出不同的抗病反应。同样，在2019年和2020年主要种植季节，基因型DAB - 388、NUA - 225、NUA - 517和NUA - 577在两个试验田的籽粒产量和产量构成因素方面表现相对较好。病害严重程度和籽粒产量与针对CBB和ALS病害评估的基因型反应组呈不同程度的负相关。在该研究中，识别出了对CBB和ALS病害具有抗性且农艺性能良好的菜豆基因型，这对于研究区域及埃塞俄比亚其他类似农业生态环境中的小农户和商业菜豆生产可能具有重要意义。建议在埃塞俄比亚CBB和ALS热点农业生态环境中评估大量菜豆种质，以获取更多抗性资源和更好的农艺优势。
