Petry Nicolai, Boy Erick, Wirth James P, Hurrell Richard F
Groundwork LLC, Crans-près-Céligny 1299 Switzerland.
International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC 20006-1002, USA.
Nutrients. 2015 Feb 11;7(2):1144-73. doi: 10.3390/nu7021144.
Common beans are a staple food and the major source of iron for populations in Eastern Africa and Latin America. Bean iron concentration is high and can be further increased by biofortification. A major constraint to bean iron biofortification is low iron absorption, attributed to inhibitory compounds such as phytic acid (PA) and polyphenol(s) (PP). We have evaluated the usefulness of the common bean as a vehicle for iron biofortification. High iron concentrations and wide genetic variability have enabled plant breeders to develop high iron bean varieties (up to 10 mg/100 g). PA concentrations in beans are high and tend to increase with iron biofortification. Short-term human isotope studies indicate that iron absorption from beans is low, PA is the major inhibitor, and bean PP play a minor role. Multiple composite meal studies indicate that decreasing the PA level in the biofortified varieties substantially increases iron absorption. Fractional iron absorption from composite meals was 4%-7% in iron deficient women; thus the consumption of 100 g biofortified beans/day would provide about 30%-50% of their daily iron requirement. Beans are a good vehicle for iron biofortification, and regular high consumption would be expected to help combat iron deficiency (ID).
菜豆是东非和拉丁美洲人口的主食及铁的主要来源。菜豆中铁的含量很高，通过生物强化还可进一步提高。菜豆铁生物强化的一个主要限制因素是铁吸收低，这归因于肌醇六磷酸（PA）和多酚（PP）等抑制性化合物。我们评估了菜豆作为铁生物强化载体的效用。高铁含量和广泛的遗传变异性使植物育种者能够培育出高铁菜豆品种（铁含量高达10毫克/100克）。菜豆中的PA含量很高，并且往往会随着铁生物强化而增加。短期人体同位素研究表明，菜豆中铁的吸收较低，PA是主要抑制剂，而菜豆中的PP作用较小。多项复合餐研究表明，降低生物强化品种中的PA水平可大幅提高铁的吸收。缺铁女性从复合餐中吸收的铁分数为4% - 7%；因此，每天食用100克生物强化菜豆可提供其每日铁需求量的约30% - 50%。菜豆是铁生物强化的良好载体，经常大量食用有望有助于对抗缺铁（ID）。
