Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization, Tokyo, Japan.
Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Mar 23;22(1):576. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12985-5.
Frequent mutations of the COVID-19 virus, such as the Delta and Omicron variants, have prolonged the pandemic. Rich countries have approved the booster shots (3 doses) of vaccine, but this causes further delay of vaccination in developing countries. This raises the risk of further mutations, which may lower the efficacy of currently available vaccines. As herd immunity by universal vaccination is essential to end the pandemic, the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) facility has been established to provide developing countries with subsidized vaccines. However, a critical issue is that the developing countries also need to effectively deploy vaccines to citizens. Although this argument suggests positive effects of good national governance on vaccination coverage, to the best of our knowledge, there is no cross-country evidence on the role of national governance in increasing the coverage of COVID-19 vaccines among citizens. The goal of this study was to examine the association between the national governance and vaccination coverage among developing countries.
Using cross-country data, an ordinary least squares regression was conducted to examine the association between the national governance index and three outcomes: (1) the number of days until the administration of the first dose in the country since December 2019, (2) the number of doses per 100 citizens as of the end of July 2021, and (3) the selection of approved vaccine manufacturers. The results were compared between the model including all countries and the model excluding the member countries of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
A one standard deviation increase in the national governance index was associated with 9.1 days (95%CI: -15.76, -2.43) earlier administration of vaccines in the country, and a 12.1 dose increase (95%CI: 4.76, 19.34) per 100 citizens. These associations were larger in the non-OECD sample. The results also indicated the role of governance in the selection of the administered vaccines.
The provision of subsidized vaccines alone is not sufficient to control the spread of infection in developing countries; logistical and administrative support should also be offered, especially in countries with poor governance.
Not applicable.
新冠病毒频繁发生突变，如德尔塔和奥密克戎变体，导致大流行持续时间延长。富裕国家已批准疫苗加强针（3 剂），但这导致发展中国家的疫苗接种进一步推迟。这增加了进一步突变的风险，可能降低目前可用疫苗的效力。由于普遍接种疫苗形成群体免疫对于结束大流行至关重要，因此设立了新冠疫苗全球获取机制（COVAX），为发展中国家提供补贴疫苗。然而，一个关键问题是发展中国家还需要有效地向公民部署疫苗。尽管这一论点表明良好的国家治理对疫苗接种率有积极影响，但据我们所知，尚无关于国家治理在提高公民中新冠疫苗接种率方面的跨国证据。本研究旨在检验国家治理与发展中国家疫苗接种率之间的关系。
使用跨国数据，采用普通最小二乘法回归检验国家治理指数与三个结果之间的关系：（1）自 2019 年 12 月以来，国家开始接种第一剂疫苗的天数；（2）截至 2021 年 7 月底，每 100 名公民接种的剂量；（3）批准的疫苗制造商的选择。将包含所有国家的模型和不包含经济合作与发展组织（OECD）成员国的模型的结果进行了比较。
国家治理指数每增加一个标准差，该国接种疫苗的时间提前 9.1 天（95%CI：-15.76，-2.43），每 100 名公民接种的剂量增加 12.1 剂（95%CI：4.76，19.34）。这些关联在非经合组织样本中更大。结果还表明治理在管理疫苗接种方面的作用。
仅提供补贴疫苗不足以控制发展中国家感染的传播；还应提供后勤和行政支持，特别是在治理不善的国家。
不适用。
