Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Front Public Health. 2022 Aug 24;10:986162. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986162. eCollection 2022.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide public health concern. In addition to immediate impacts on human health and well-being, COVID-19 can result in unfortunate and long-term health consequences for future generations. In particular, pregnant women and developing fetuses in low-income settings could be prone to a higher risk of undernutrition, often due to an inadequate supply of food and nutrition during a pandemic outbreak like COVID-19. Such situations can subsequently lead to an increased risk of undesirable health consequences, such as non-communicable diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, in individuals born to exposed mothers fetal programming. Moreover, COVID-19 infection or related stress during pregnancy can induce long-term programming outcomes on neuroendocrinological systems in offspring after birth. However, the long-lasting consequences of the transplacental transmission of COVID-19 in offspring are currently unknown. Here we hypothesize that a COVID-19 pandemic triggers intrauterine programming outcomes in offspring due to multiple maternal factors (e.g., nutrition deficiency, stress, infection, inflammation) during pregnancy. Thus, it is crucial to establish an integrated lifetime health information system for individuals born in or around the COVID-19 pandemic to identify those at risk of adverse pre-and postnatal nutritional programming. This approach will assist in designing specific dietary or other nutritional interventions to minimize the potential undesirable outcomes in those nutritionally programmed individuals.
严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）-2019（COVID-19）引发了全球公共卫生关注。除了对人类健康和福祉的直接影响外，COVID-19 还可能给后代带来不幸和长期的健康后果。特别是在低收入环境中，孕妇和发育中的胎儿更容易面临营养不良的高风险，这通常是由于在 COVID-19 等大流行爆发期间食物和营养供应不足所致。这种情况可能会导致不良健康后果的风险增加，例如非传染性疾病，包括肥胖、代谢综合征、高血压和 2 型糖尿病，在暴露于母亲和胎儿编程的母亲所生的个体中。此外，COVID-19 感染或怀孕期间的相关压力会在后代出生后诱导神经内分泌系统的长期编程结果。然而，目前尚不清楚 COVID-19 在后代中的胎盘传播的长期后果。在这里，我们假设 COVID-19 大流行由于怀孕期间的多种母体因素（例如营养缺乏、压力、感染、炎症）引发了后代的宫内编程结果。因此，对于在 COVID-19 大流行期间或前后出生的个体，建立一个综合的终生健康信息系统以识别那些有不良产前和产后营养编程风险的个体至关重要。这种方法将有助于设计特定的饮食或其他营养干预措施，以最大限度地减少那些在营养编程个体中的潜在不良后果。
