Khan Johra, Rasmi Yousef, Kırboğa Kevser Kübra, Ali Ahmad, Rudrapal Mithun, Patekar Rohan R
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia.
Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia.
Beni Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2022;11(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s43088-022-00293-1. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative organism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. Though there are certain recommended drugs that can cure COVID-19, their therapeutic efficacy is limited. Therefore, the early and rapid detection without compromising the test accuracy is necessary in order to provide an appropriate treatment for the disease suppression.
Nanoparticles (NPs) can closely mimic the virus and interact strongly with its proteins due to their morphological similarities. NPs have been widely applied in a variety of medical applications, including biosensing, drug delivery, antimicrobial treatment, and imaging. Recently, NPs-based biosensors have attracted great interest for their biological activities and specific sensing properties, which allows the detection of analytes such as nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), aptamers, and proteins in clinical samples. Further, the advances of nanotechnologies have enabled the development of miniaturized detection systems for point-of-care biosensors, a new strategy for detecting human viral diseases. Among the various NPs, the specific physicochemical properties of gold NPs (AuNPs) are being widely used in the field of clinical diagnostics. As a result, several AuNP-based colorimetric detection methods have been developed.
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the development of AuNPs-based biosensors by virtue of its powerful characteristics as a signal amplifier or enhancer that target pathogenic RNA viruses that provide a reliable and effective strategy for detecting of the existing or newly emerging SARS-CoV-2.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体，对全球公共卫生构成重大威胁。尽管有某些推荐药物可治愈COVID-19，但其治疗效果有限。因此，在不影响检测准确性的前提下进行早期快速检测对于为疾病抑制提供适当治疗是必要的。
纳米颗粒（NPs）由于其形态相似性，能够紧密模拟病毒并与其蛋白质强烈相互作用。纳米颗粒已广泛应用于各种医学应用，包括生物传感、药物递送、抗菌治疗和成像。最近，基于纳米颗粒的生物传感器因其生物活性和特定传感特性而备受关注，这使得能够检测临床样本中的分析物，如核酸（DNA或RNA）、适体和蛋白质。此外，纳米技术的进步推动了用于即时检测生物传感器的小型化检测系统的发展，这是一种检测人类病毒疾病的新策略。在各种纳米颗粒中，金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的特定物理化学性质在临床诊断领域得到了广泛应用。因此，已经开发了几种基于金纳米颗粒的比色检测方法。
本综述的目的是凭借金纳米颗粒作为信号放大器或增强剂的强大特性，概述基于金纳米颗粒的生物传感器的发展，该生物传感器针对致病性RNA病毒，为检测现有的或新出现的SARS-CoV-2提供了一种可靠有效的策略。
