Duan Yaou, Wang Shuyan, Zhang Qiangzhe, Gao Weiwei, Zhang Liangfang
Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2021 Dec;25(6):100964. doi: 10.1016/j.cossms.2021.100964. Epub 2021 Oct 25.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become the worst pandemic disease of the current millennium. To address this crisis, therapeutic nanoparticles, including inorganic nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, virus-like nanoparticles, and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, have all offered compelling antiviral strategies. This article reviews these strategies in three categories: (1) nanoparticle-enabled detection of SARS-CoV-2, (2) nanoparticle-based treatment for COVID-19, and (3) nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. We discuss how nanoparticles are tailor-made to biointerface with the host and the virus in each category. For each nanoparticle design, we highlight its structure-function relationship that enables effective antiviral activity. Overall, nanoparticles bring numerous new opportunities to improve our response to the current COVID-19 pandemic and enhance our preparedness for future viral outbreaks.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由极具传染性的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，已成为当前千年来最严重的大流行疾病。为应对这一危机，包括无机纳米颗粒、脂质纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒、病毒样纳米颗粒和细胞膜包被纳米颗粒在内的治疗性纳米颗粒都提供了引人注目的抗病毒策略。本文从三个类别综述了这些策略：（1）基于纳米颗粒的SARS-CoV-2检测，（2）基于纳米颗粒的COVID-19治疗，以及（3）针对SARS-CoV-2的纳米颗粒疫苗。我们讨论了在每个类别中纳米颗粒是如何被定制以与宿主和病毒进行生物界面相互作用的。对于每种纳米颗粒设计，我们突出了其能够实现有效抗病毒活性的结构-功能关系。总体而言，纳米颗粒为改善我们对当前COVID-19大流行的应对措施以及增强我们对未来病毒爆发的防范能力带来了众多新机遇。
