Faculty of Health Sciences, University Jaume I. Avda Sos Banyat, s/n. Castellon, Spain.
Institute of Advances Materials (INAM), University Jaume I. Avda Sos Banyat, s/n. Castellon, Spain.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;89(4):1173-1191. doi: 10.3233/JAD-220615.
In recent years, the existence of the gut-brain axis and the impact of intestinal microbiota on brain function has received much attention. Accumulated evidence has prompted the postulation of the infectious hypothesis underlying or facilitating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Under this hypothesis, intervention with probiotics could be useful at a preventive and therapeutic level.
The objective of this systematic review is to reveal a benefit of improved cognitive function following the use of probiotics in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
We searched bibliographic databases and analyzed in detail the evidence and methodological quality of five recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials using the Cochrane Tool and the SIGN checklist.
Overall, and with satisfactory methodological quality, the evaluated studies support the use of probiotics as a weapon to slow the progression of cognitive decline in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. The reviewed literature also indicates that maximum benefit of probiotics is found in subjects with incipient cognitive dysfunction and has no effect in those with advanced disease or absence of disease.
These results support the intervention with probiotics, especially as a preventive approach. However, caution is required in the interpretation of the results as microbiota has not been evaluated in all studies, and further large-scale research with a prolonged study period is necessary to ensure the translatability of the results into real practice.
近年来，人们越来越关注肠道-大脑轴的存在以及肠道微生物群对大脑功能的影响。大量证据促使人们提出了神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病）的感染假说。根据这一假说，益生菌干预可能在预防和治疗方面具有一定作用。
本系统评价旨在揭示益生菌对轻度认知障碍患者认知功能改善的益处。
我们检索了文献数据库，并使用 Cochrane 工具和 SIGN 清单详细分析了五项最近的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验的证据和方法学质量。
总体而言，评估研究具有较高的方法学质量，支持使用益生菌作为减缓轻度认知障碍患者认知衰退进展的手段。综述文献还表明，益生菌的最大益处见于有轻度认知功能障碍的患者，而对疾病晚期或无疾病的患者则无效。
这些结果支持采用益生菌干预，特别是作为一种预防措施。然而，由于并非所有研究都评估了微生物群，因此在解释结果时需要谨慎，还需要进行更大规模、研究时间更长的研究，以确保结果能够转化为实际应用。
