Acute Kidney Injury Specialist Nurse, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton Foundation Trust, Derby.
Associate Professor in Advanced Clinical Practice, University of Derby, Derby.
Br J Nurs. 2022 Sep 8;31(16):844-852. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.16.844.
Rhabdomyolysis is characterised by a rapid dissolution of damaged or injured skeletal muscle that can be the result of a multitude of mechanisms. It can range in severity from mild to severe, leading to multi-organ failure and death. Rhabdomyolysis causes muscular cellular breakdown, which can cause fatal electrolyte imbalances and metabolic acidosis, as myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and other electrolytes move into the circulation; acute kidney injury can follow as a severe complication. This article reflects on the case of a person who was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury after a fall at home. Understanding the underpinning mechanism of rhabdomyolysis and the associated severity of symptoms may improve early diagnosis and treatment initiation.
横纹肌溶解症的特征是受损或受伤的骨骼肌迅速溶解，这可能是多种机制导致的结果。其严重程度可从轻到重不等，导致多器官衰竭和死亡。横纹肌溶解症导致肌肉细胞破裂，肌红蛋白、肌酸磷酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和其他电解质进入循环，可能导致致命的电解质失衡和代谢性酸中毒；严重并发症可导致急性肾损伤。本文回顾了一名在家中跌倒后被诊断为横纹肌溶解症和急性肾损伤的患者的病例。了解横纹肌溶解症的潜在机制及其相关症状的严重程度，可能有助于早期诊断和治疗的启动。
