Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego.
Dev Psychol. 2023 Apr;59(4):691-706. doi: 10.1037/dev0001436. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
Dance is a universal human behavior and a crucial component of human musicality. When and how does the motivation and tendency to move to music develop? How does this behavior change as a process of maturation and learning? We characterize infants' earliest dance behavior, leveraging parents' extensive at-home observations of their children. Parents of infants aged 0-24 months ( = 278, 82.7% White, 84.5% in the United States, 46.0% of household incomes ≥ $100,000) were surveyed regarding their child's current and earliest dance behavior (movement by the child, during music, that the parent considered dance), motor development, and their own infant-directed dance. We found that dance begins early: 90% of infants produced recognizable dance by 12.8 months, and the age of onset was not solely a function of motor development. Infants who produced dance did so often, on average almost every day. We also found that dance shows qualitative developmental change over the first 2 years, rather than remaining stable. With motor development, age, and more time dancing, infants used a greater variety of movements in dance, and began to incorporate learned, imitated gestures (80% of infants by 17.9 months). 99.8% of parents reported dancing for or with their infants, raising questions about the role of infant-directed dance. These findings provide evidence that the motivation and tendency to move to music appears extremely early and that both learning and maturation lead to qualitative change in dance behavior during the first 2 years, informing broad questions about the origins of human musicality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
舞蹈是一种普遍的人类行为，也是人类音乐性的重要组成部分。动机和倾向于随音乐起舞的发展是何时以及如何发生的？随着成熟和学习的过程，这种行为会如何变化？我们利用父母对孩子在家中的广泛观察，描述了婴儿最早的舞蹈行为。我们对 0-24 个月大婴儿的父母（共 278 名，其中 82.7%为白人，84.5%来自美国，46.0%的家庭收入≥$100,000）进行了调查，询问了他们孩子当前和最早的舞蹈行为（孩子在音乐期间的动作，父母认为是舞蹈）、运动发育以及他们自己的婴儿定向舞蹈。我们发现舞蹈开始得很早：90%的婴儿在 12.8 个月大时就能做出可识别的舞蹈动作，而舞蹈开始的年龄并不仅仅取决于运动发育。会跳舞的婴儿平均每天都会跳舞，而且很频繁。我们还发现，舞蹈在头两年表现出质的发展变化，而不是保持稳定。随着运动发育、年龄和更多的舞蹈时间，婴儿在舞蹈中使用了更多种类的动作，并开始融入习得的、模仿的手势（17.9 个月时 80%的婴儿会这样做）。99.8%的父母会为婴儿或与婴儿一起跳舞，这引发了关于婴儿定向舞蹈作用的问题。这些发现为以下观点提供了证据：即对随音乐起舞的动机和倾向出现得非常早，学习和成熟都会导致婴儿在前两年的舞蹈行为发生质的变化，这为人类音乐性的起源提出了广泛的问题。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
