College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 20;853:158673. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158673. Epub 2022 Sep 10.
Nutrient imbalance (i.e., deficiency and toxicity) of microelements is an outstanding environmental issue that influences each aspect of ecosystems. Although the crucial roles of microelements in entire lifecycle of plants have been widely acknowledged, the effective control of microelements is still neglected due to the narrow safe margins. Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals. Although it is not believed to be indispensable for plants, many literatures have reported the significance of Se in terms of the uptake, accumulation, and detoxification of essential microelements in plants. However, most papers only concerned on the antagonistic effect of Se on metal elements in plants and ignored the underlying mechanisms. There is still a lack of systematic review articles to summarize the comprehensive knowledge on the connections between Se and microelements in plants. In this review, we conclude the bidirectional effects of Se on micronutrients in plants, including iron, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, sodium, chlorine, and boron. The regulatory mechanisms of Se on these micronutrients are also analyzed. Moreover, we further emphasize the role of Se in alleviating element toxicity and adjusting the concentration of micronutrients in plants by altering the soil conditions (e.g., adsorption, pH, and organic matter), promoting microbial activity, participating in vital physiological and metabolic processes, generating element competition, stimulating metal chelation, organelle compartmentalization, and sequestration, improving the antioxidant defense system, and controlling related genes involved in transportation and tolerance. Based on the current understanding of the interaction between Se and these essential elements, future directions for research are suggested.
微量元素营养失衡（即缺乏和毒性）是一个突出的环境问题，影响着生态系统的各个方面。尽管微量元素在植物整个生命周期中的关键作用已被广泛认可，但由于安全边际狭窄，微量元素的有效控制仍被忽视。硒（Se）是人类和动物的必需元素。虽然人们认为它不是植物所必需的，但许多文献报道了 Se 在植物吸收、积累和解毒必需微量元素方面的重要性。然而，大多数论文仅关注 Se 对植物金属元素的拮抗作用，而忽略了潜在的机制。目前仍缺乏系统的综述文章来总结 Se 与植物中微量元素之间的综合知识。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 Se 对植物中微量营养素的双向影响，包括铁、锌、铜、锰、镍、钼、钠、氯和硼。还分析了 Se 对这些微量营养素的调控机制。此外，我们进一步强调了 Se 通过改变土壤条件（如吸附、pH 值和有机质）、促进微生物活性、参与重要的生理和代谢过程、产生元素竞争、刺激金属螯合、细胞器区隔化和隔离、改善抗氧化防御系统以及控制与运输和耐受性相关的基因，在缓解元素毒性和调节植物中微量元素浓度方面的作用。基于目前对 Se 与这些必需元素相互作用的理解，提出了未来的研究方向。
