Peripheral neurostimulation for encoding artificial somatosensations.

The direct neural stimulation of peripheral or central nervous systems has been shown as an effective tool to treat neurological conditions. The electrical activation of the nervous sensory pathway can be adopted to restore the artificial sense of touch and proprioception in people suffering from sensory-motor disorders. The modulation of the neural stimulation parameters has a direct effect on the electrically induced sensations, both when targeting the somatosensory cortex and the peripheral somatic nerves. The properties of the artificial sensations perceived, as their location, quality and intensity are strongly dependent on the direct modulation of pulse width, amplitude and frequency of the neural stimulation. Different sensory encoding schemes have been tested in patients showing distinct effects and outcomes according to their impact on the neural activation. Here, I reported the most adopted neural stimulation strategies to artificially encode somatosensation into the peripheral nervous system. The real-time implementation of these strategies in bionic devices is crucial to exploit the artificial sensory feedback in prosthetics. Thus, neural stimulation becomes a tool to directly communicate with the human nervous system. Given the importance of adding artificial sensory information to neuroprosthetic devices to improve their control and functionality, the choice of an optimal neural stimulation paradigm could increase the impact of prosthetic devices on the quality of life of people with sensorimotor disabilities.