Bappa Syed Alimuzzaman, Malaker Tanmoy, Mia Md Rimu, Islam Md Didarul
Center for Natural Resource Studies (CNRS), Ukhia, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.
Department of Anthropology and Geography, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Heliyon. 2022 Aug 31;8(9):e10449. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10449. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Environmental degradation can be predicted and managed in a sustainable manner by the perodic analysis of the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change pattern, which not only helps to revitalize the environment but also helps to improve future land-use policies. With the Rohingya influx in 2017, the Kutupalong Mega Camp area in Bangladesh is at a severe risk of environmental degradation as the area is experiencing remarkable LULC change. The aim of this research is to illustrate the LULC change in the Kutupalong Mega Camp before and after the refugee influx, as well as its impact on the surrounding environment because of this change. The spatial and temporal variation of the LULC is analyzed from the classified multi-temporal Landsat images for years-2015, 2018, and 2021. The study reveals gradual decrease in forest cover of the area, which is replaced by the increasing human settlements. The study found an inverse relation between the refugee influx and the vegetation cover, where a positive relation to the bare land and settlement exists. The area experienced about ten times increase in human settlements during 2015-2021, which resulted deforestation of surrounding forest cover. Between 2015 to 2021, 74 % of forest cover of the studied area has been cleaned up for newer settlements, with an increase of wetland to meet the needs of increasing refugee population which has made the scenario worse. We also noticed an increase of Land Surface Temperature (LST) within a short period, where the average temperature increase rate is 0.06% during 2015-2018 and 0.01% during 2018-2021. The ecosystem, wild-habitat, and the thermal environment has been disturbed to a great extent due to this drastic change of forest cover mostly by the increasing anthropogenic activities in this area. The study represents the present scenario in comparison to its natural setting just a few years ago, and may serve as a guidance for the concerned authorities and international humanitarian organizations to develop a sustainable, comprehensive, and environment-friendly land management plan in order to protect the surrounding forest-ecology as well as the humanitarian works.
通过对土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）变化模式进行定期分析，可以以可持续的方式预测和管理环境退化，这不仅有助于恢复环境活力，还有助于改进未来的土地利用政策。随着2017年罗兴亚人涌入，孟加拉国的库图帕隆超级营地地区面临着严重的环境退化风险，因为该地区正在经历显著的LULC变化。本研究的目的是说明难民涌入前后库图帕隆超级营地的LULC变化，以及这种变化对周边环境的影响。利用2015年、2018年和2021年的多期分类陆地卫星图像分析了LULC的时空变化。研究表明，该地区的森林覆盖率逐渐下降，取而代之的是人类住区的增加。研究发现难民涌入与植被覆盖之间存在反比关系，而与裸地和住区存在正比关系。2015年至2021年期间，该地区的人类住区增加了约十倍，导致周边森林覆盖率遭到砍伐。2015年至2021年期间，研究区域74%的森林覆盖被清理用于新建定居点，湿地增加以满足不断增加的难民人口的需求，这使情况变得更糟。我们还注意到在短时间内陆地表面温度（LST）有所上升，2015年至2018年期间平均温度上升率为0.06%，2018年至2021年期间为0.01%。由于该地区森林覆盖的急剧变化，主要是人为活动的增加，生态系统、野生栖息地和热环境受到了极大的干扰。与几年前的自然环境相比，该研究呈现了当前的情景，并可为有关当局和国际人道主义组织制定可持续、全面和环境友好的土地管理计划提供指导，以保护周边森林生态以及人道主义工作。
