Perinatal Research Laboratory, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, CA, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2023 Apr;14(2):223-230. doi: 10.1017/S2040174422000502. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
Developmental programming studies using mouse models have housed the animals at human thermoneutral temperatures (22°C) which imposes constant cold stress. As this impacts energy homeostasis, we investigated the effects of two housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) on obesity development in male and female offspring of Control and FR dams. Pregnant mice were housed at 22°C (cold-exposed, CE) or 30°C (thermoneutrality, TN) room temperature. At gestational age e10, mice were fed either an ad libitum diet (Control) or were 30% food-restricted (FR) to produce low birth weight newborns. Following delivery, all dams were fed an ad libitum diet and maternal mice continued to nurse their own pups. At 3 weeks of age, offspring were weaned to an ad libitum diet and housed at similar temperatures as their mothers. Body weights and food intake were monitored. At 6 months of age, body composition and glucose tolerance test were determined, after which, brain and adipose tissue were collected for analysis. FR/CE and FR/TN offspring exhibited hyperphagia and were significantly heavier with increased adiposity as compared to their respective Controls. There was sex-specific effects of temperature in both groups. Male offspring at TN were heavier with increased body fat, though the food intake was decreased as compared to CE males. This was reflected by hypertrophic adipocytes and increased arcuate nucleus satiety/appetite ratio. In contrast, female offspring were not impacted by housing temperature. Thus, unlike female offspring, there was a significant interaction of diet and temperature evident in the male offspring with accentuated adverse effects evident in FR/TN males.
发育编程研究使用小鼠模型将动物安置在人类的热中性温度（22°C）下，这会导致持续的冷应激。由于这会影响能量平衡，我们研究了两种饲养温度（22°C 和 30°C）对对照和 FR 母鼠后代肥胖发展的影响。怀孕的老鼠被安置在 22°C（冷暴露，CE）或 30°C（热中性，TN）室温下。在妊娠年龄 e10 时，老鼠要么自由进食（对照），要么 30%的食物限制（FR）以产生低出生体重的新生鼠。分娩后，所有母鼠都喂食自由饮食，母鼠继续喂养自己的幼崽。在 3 周龄时，幼鼠断奶并喂食自由饮食，并在与母亲相似的温度下饲养。监测体重和食物摄入量。在 6 个月大时，测定身体成分和葡萄糖耐量试验，之后收集大脑和脂肪组织进行分析。与各自的对照相比，FR/CE 和 FR/TN 后代表现出过度进食，体重明显增加，体脂增加。两组都有温度的性别特异性影响。TN 组的雄性后代体重更重，体脂增加，尽管与 CE 雄性相比，食物摄入量减少。这反映在肥大的脂肪细胞和增加的弓状核饱腹感/食欲比上。相比之下，雌性后代不受饲养温度的影响。因此，与雌性后代不同，雄性后代的饮食和温度存在显著的相互作用，FR/TN 雄性的负面影响更为明显。
