Kozlov A I, Vershubskaya G G, Lyudinina A Yu
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, 125009, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Institute of Physiology Federal Research Centre Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2020;89(3):33-39. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10027. Epub 2020 May 18.
A characteristic feature of the "global obesity epidemic" in recent decades is the rapid spread of overweight among the rural population. However, there is a lack of objective data on how this process is unfolding in the northern and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. of the work was to analyze the prevalence of malnutrition and rates of overweight and obesity in children living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (KhMAO) and the Komi Republic (KR). . We conducted a study of the nutritional status of rural children in the northern regions of the Russian Federation in 2018-2019. The subjects of the study were children aged 3-17 years of KhMAO, ethnic Khanty, Mansi and of various non-indigenous descent in small remote settlements (n=302) and 956 children in the administrative center of the northern district, a town-type residency. We also examined 7-17-year-old children (n=628) in large settlements of the KR, over 90% of them were ethnic Komi. For each individual, body mass index values (BMI) were calculated. The nutritional status was assessed by comparing the individual BMI with the age and sex specific standards set by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (2017). . 74.4% of children aged 3-6 in KhMAO, and 70% of the 7-17-year-old children of KR and KhMAO meet the standards for their age-sex groups; 6.1% of children aged 3-17 are underweight and 19.5% are overweight. Among the 7-17-year-olds, the ratio of the underweight and overweight (including obese) differs significantly in the settlement dwellers of the KR from that in the living in small settlements of KhMAO (p=0.004), as well as in the group of town residents of KhMAO (p=0.017). The children of the KR have slightly higher percentage of the overweight and obese (26.6 vs 25.7 and 24.8% in the town and settlements of KhMAO, respectively), but significantly lower percentage of those who are underweight (1.9 vs 5.0 and 6.8%). The proportion of obese schoolchildren in small remote settlements of KhMAO is higher than that in the large settlements of KhMAO and in large settlements of the KR (13.1, 7.7 and 9.2%, respectively). . There were no differences found between ethnic groups, however the role of social and anthropological factors in the formation of the nutritional status differences between the indigenous and non-indigenous children in Western Siberia calls for further investigation.
近几十年来“全球肥胖流行”的一个显著特征是超重现象在农村人口中迅速蔓延。然而，关于这一过程在俄罗斯联邦北部和北极地区如何发展，缺乏客观数据。这项工作的目的是分析生活在汉特-曼西自治区尤格拉（KhMAO）和科米共和国（KR）的儿童中营养不良的患病率以及超重和肥胖率。我们在2018 - 2019年对俄罗斯联邦北部地区农村儿童的营养状况进行了研究。研究对象是KhMAO地区3至17岁的儿童，包括汉特族、曼西族以及来自偏远小定居点的各种非本地血统的儿童（n = 302），以及北部地区行政中心一个城镇型居住地的956名儿童。我们还对KR地区大定居点的7至17岁儿童（n = 628）进行了检查，其中90%以上是科米族。为每个个体计算体重指数（BMI）值。通过将个体BMI与俄罗斯联邦卫生部（2017年）设定的年龄和性别特定标准进行比较来评估营养状况。KhMAO地区3至6岁儿童中有74.4%，KR地区以及KhMAO地区7至17岁儿童中有70%符合其年龄 - 性别组的标准；3至17岁儿童中有6.1%体重过轻，19.5%超重。在7至17岁的儿童中，KR地区定居点居民的体重过轻与超重（包括肥胖）比例与生活在KhMAO地区小定居点的儿童有显著差异（p = 0.004），与KhMAO地区城镇居民组也有显著差异（p = 0.017）。KR地区儿童超重和肥胖的比例略高（分别为26.6%，而KhMAO地区城镇和定居点分别为25.7%和24.8%），但体重过轻的比例显著较低（分别为1.9%，而KhMAO地区城镇和定居点分别为5.0%和6.8%）。KhMAO地区偏远小定居点肥胖学童的比例高于KhMAO地区大定居点以及KR地区大定居点（分别为13.1%、7.7%和9.2%）。在不同民族群体之间未发现差异，然而，社会和人类学因素在西西伯利亚本地和非本地儿童营养状况差异形成中的作用需要进一步研究。
