School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington Campus, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
Department of Food Technology, Ghent University, Safety and Health, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 23;13(1):30. doi: 10.3390/nu13010030.
Indigenous Solomon Islanders, like many living in Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS), are currently experiencing the global syndemic-the combined threat of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. This mixed-method study aimed to assess nutrition transitions and diet quality by comparing three geographically unique rural and urban indigenous Solomon Islands populations. Participants in rural areas sourced more energy from wild and cultivated foods; consumed a wider diversity of foods; were more likely to meet WHO recommendations of >400g of non-starchy fruits and vegetables daily; were more physically active; and had significantly lower body fat, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) when compared to urban populations. Urban populations were found to have a reduced ability to self-cultivate agri-food products or collect wild foods, and therefore consumed more ultra-processed foods (classified as NOVA 4) and takeout foods, and overall had less diverse diets compared to rural populations. Clear opportunities to leverage traditional knowledge and improve the cultivation and consumption of underutilized species can assist in building more sustainable and resilient food systems while ensuring that indigenous knowledge and cultural preferences are respected.
土生土长的所罗门群岛人，和许多生活在太平洋小岛屿发展中国家（PSIDS）的人一样，目前正面临着肥胖、营养不足和气候变化这一全球综合征的威胁。本混合方法研究旨在通过比较所罗门群岛三个具有地理特色的农村和城市土著人群，评估营养转型和饮食质量。农村地区的参与者从野生和种植食物中获取更多的能量；食用更多种类的食物；更有可能达到世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的每天摄入>400 克非淀粉类水果和蔬菜的标准；更积极活跃；与城市人口相比，他们的体脂率、腰围和身体质量指数（BMI）明显更低。与农村人口相比，城市人口发现自己自我种植农产品或采集野生食物的能力有所下降，因此消费了更多的超加工食品（被归类为 NOVA 4）和外卖食品，整体饮食的多样性也不如农村人口。充分利用传统知识并改善对未充分利用物种的种植和消费，为建立更具可持续性和弹性的粮食系统提供了明确的机会，同时确保尊重土著知识和文化偏好。
