Roderer Ayleen, Bohn Annette
Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Memory. 2023 Jan;31(1):22-33. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2120997. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
People think retrospectively about past events and prospectively about future events. Here, the novel method of retrospective future thinking is introduced to investigate the characteristics of autobiographical events reported as if they had been already experienced. In total, 166 participants were asked to (1) generate cultural life scripts and (2) to imagine themselves being 100-years old. From this perspective, they reported, dated and rated on valence their seven most important events. Results provide evidence that the cultural life script guides the recall and, more so, the imagination of retrospectively reported autobiographical events. Exploratory analysis of age effects indicated that older participants reported events that were more realistic, less scripted and wider distributed across the life span. This provides the first evidence that retrospective future thinking can alter older adults' life perspective by expanding their period for experiencing important events beyond the reminiscence bump years.
人们会回顾过去的事件，并展望未来的事件。在此，我们引入了一种新颖的回顾性未来思维方法，以研究那些被描述得仿佛已经经历过的自传式事件的特征。总共166名参与者被要求：（1）生成文化生活脚本，以及（2）想象自己100岁。从这个角度出发，他们报告、标注日期并对自己最重要的七件事进行了效价评定。结果表明，文化生活脚本指导着回忆，更确切地说，指导着对回顾性报告的自传式事件的想象。对年龄效应的探索性分析表明，年长的参与者报告的事件更现实、受脚本影响更小，且在整个生命跨度中分布更广。这首次证明了回顾性未来思维可以通过将年长者体验重要事件的时间段扩展到回忆高峰年之外，从而改变他们对生活的看法。
