School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2022 Oct 1;35(5):431-435. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000876.
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a major food safety concern in developed and developing countries. Table eggs are often linked to cases of foodborne gastrointestinal disease. This review is focused on the latest findings on foodborne Salmonella infections acquired from poultry products and their implications on food safety.
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) are the predominant Salmonella serovars associated with human Salmonellosis. In Australia, ST is the predominant serovar but SE has been recently detected in some commercial free-range egg flocks. The Salmonella shedding in poultry flocks can be highly variable across different flocks and farms; as a result, the level of product contamination is largely attributed to the flock management. The microevolution in the ST genome after in-vivo passaging may have clinical significance. On farm use of Salmonella vaccines and/or interventions during the processing of the product can influence the bacterial load. The refrigeration of the product also influences the safety of the poultry product.
Many interventions are in place for the control of Salmonella from farm to fork. However, given the biosecurity challenges because of the increase in public demand for free-range products, the emergence of Salmonella virulent types and expensive diagnostics, ongoing collaborative efforts from farmers, regulators and public health officials are required.
非伤寒沙门氏菌是发达国家和发展中国家食品安全的主要关注点。食用鸡蛋通常与食源性胃肠道疾病有关。本综述重点介绍了与食用家禽产品相关的食源性病原体沙门氏菌感染的最新发现及其对食品安全的影响。
肠炎沙门氏菌（SE）和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（ST）是与人类沙门氏菌病相关的主要沙门氏菌血清型。在澳大利亚，ST 是主要的血清型，但最近在一些商业散养蛋鸡群中检测到 SE。家禽群中的沙门氏菌脱落率在不同的禽群和农场之间差异很大；因此，产品污染程度在很大程度上归因于禽群管理。ST 基因组在体内传代后的微进化可能具有临床意义。在农场使用沙门氏菌疫苗和/或在产品加工过程中的干预措施可以影响细菌负荷。产品的冷藏也会影响家禽产品的安全性。
从农场到餐桌，已经采取了许多措施来控制沙门氏菌。然而，鉴于公众对散养产品需求增加带来的生物安全挑战、沙门氏菌毒力类型的出现以及昂贵的诊断技术，农民、监管机构和公共卫生官员需要持续协作。
