Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Sep 28;70(38):11860-11879. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05079. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
Due to their low cost, biodegradability, and ease of preparation, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered promising green alternatives to conventional solvents, as exploiting green solvents has been a research focus for achieving sustainable development goals. Most DESs in published studies are hydrophilic. On the other hand, the DES's hydrophilicity restricts its practical applicability to just polar molecules, which is a vital disadvantage to this extractant. Hydrophobic DES (HDES) has been developed as a new extractant adept at extracting nonpolar inorganic and organic compounds from aqueous systems. Although there has been little research on HDESs (HDES publications account for <10% of DES), specific intriguing applications have been discovered, requiring investigation and comparisons. As a result, this review covers the applications of emerging HDES in detecting pesticide residues, food additives, contaminants in food packaging, heavy metals, separation and extraction processes in food. According to the available literature, HDESs have the potential to overcome the limitations of hydrophilic DESs and be used in a broader range of applications in food with greater efficiency, which has received little attention. HDES is expected to substitute a lot of harmful organic extractants used for analytical reasons (food chemistry) in the future. Besides, the limitations of HDES were reviewed, and future studies were provided. This will serve as a reference for green chemistry advocates and practitioners in food science who want to minimize pollution and improve efficiency and benefit from the further development of HDESs.
由于成本低、可生物降解以及易于制备，深共晶溶剂 (DESs) 被认为是传统溶剂的有前途的绿色替代品，因为开发绿色溶剂一直是实现可持续发展目标的研究重点。已发表研究中的大多数 DESs 都是亲水性的。另一方面，DES 的亲水性将其实际应用限制在仅仅是极性分子，这对这种萃取剂来说是一个重要的缺点。疏水性 DES (HDES) 已被开发为一种新的萃取剂，能够从水体系中萃取非极性无机和有机化合物。尽管对 HDES 的研究很少（HDES 出版物仅占 DES 的<10%），但已经发现了一些特定的有趣应用，需要进行调查和比较。因此，本综述涵盖了新兴 HDES 在检测农药残留、食品添加剂、食品包装污染物、重金属、食品分离和提取过程中的应用。根据现有文献，HDES 有可能克服亲水性 DES 的局限性，并在更广泛的食品应用中以更高的效率使用，而这一点尚未得到足够的关注。HDES 有望替代未来分析（食品化学）原因而使用的许多有害有机萃取剂。此外，还综述了 HDES 的局限性，并提供了未来的研究方向。这将为希望最小化污染、提高效率并受益于 HDES 进一步发展的食品科学领域的绿色化学倡导者和从业者提供参考。
