Li Wen-Bo, Yang Pei-Pei, Xia Dong-Po, Huffman Michael A, Li Ming, Li Jin-Hua
Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Jul 11;11(7):1042. doi: 10.3390/biology11071042.
The primary purpose of the Man and the Biosphere Program is the sustainable development of both the economy and nature conservation activities. Although the effectiveness of eco-tourism to reach this goal has been proposed, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and a model species, there has been no obvious mechanism to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. This study explored the effectiveness of the sustainable development policy of HMBR based on 30 years data of monitoring the Tibetan macaque, local human population, visitors, and annual ecotourism income in Huangshan by estimating species habitat suitability and the impact of ecotourism. The results showed increases in the income for the local human population, the number of visitors, and annual eco-tourism. Simultaneously, the reserve's Tibetan macaque population size and suitable habitat areas increased. The macaques expanded their habitat to the low-altitude buffer zone (400-800 m), an area with lower eco-tourism disturbance. Scenic spots had a significant negative impact on habitat suitability (the substantially increased contributions of scenic spots from 0.71% to 32.88%). Our results and methods provide a suitable evaluation framework for monitoring the sustainable development and effectiveness of eco-tourism and wildlife conservation in Man and the Biosphere reserves.
人与生物圈计划的主要目的是实现经济与自然保护活动的可持续发展。尽管有人提出生态旅游对实现这一目标具有有效性，但由于缺乏长期监测数据和典型物种，尚无明显机制来评估该政策的有效性。本研究基于对黄山藏酋猴、当地居民、游客以及年度生态旅游收入30年的监测数据，通过估算物种栖息地适宜性和生态旅游的影响，探讨了黄山猕猴国家级自然保护区可持续发展政策的有效性。结果表明，当地居民收入、游客数量和年度生态旅游收入均有所增加。同时，保护区内藏酋猴种群规模和适宜栖息地面积也有所增加。猕猴将其栖息地扩展到了低海拔缓冲区（400 - 800米），该区域生态旅游干扰较小。景区对栖息地适宜性有显著负面影响（景区的贡献率从0.71%大幅增至32.88%）。我们的研究结果和方法为监测人与生物圈保护区内生态旅游和野生动物保护的可持续发展及有效性提供了一个合适的评估框架。
