Rytlewski Grzegorz, Flis Marian, Jaworski Hubert, Piórkowski Jacek, Grela Eugeniusz Ryszard
Polish Hunting Association Gdańsk District Board, 80-286 Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 11;104(10):105567. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105567.
The diet of pheasants containing plant and/or animal components may influence the production characteristics, chemical composition and hatchability of eggs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of replacing 50 % or 100 % of post-extraction soybean meal in pheasant diets with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) products in the form of meal or whole dried larvae on the production outcomes and chemical composition of pheasant eggs (Phasianus colchicus). The study was conducted on pheasants placed in aviaries (10 females and one rooster), treated as a research group. Five groups (aviaries) were distinguished: a control (basal diet) and four experimental groups. The experimental factor was the proportion of products from black soldier fly (BSF) larvae instead of soybean meal in pheasant diets. Pheasants from groups II and IV received a diet with 50 % soybean meal supplementation, while groups III and V were fed 100 % soybean meal supplementation, with BSF meal used in groups II and III, and whole Hermetia illucens larvae in groups IV and V. From each group of collected eggs, 100 were selected for hatching twice, and 30 eggs were chosen for laboratory tests. All collected eggs were weighed, and the morphological features were determined, as well as the hatchability and survival of chicks up to 14 days of age. The nutrient and cholesterol contents were determined in whole eggs and yolk, as well as the fatty acid profile in egg yolk. The most effective feeding option was a diet that included whole Hermetia illucens larvae supplemented with 100 % soybean meal. This diet positively impacted laying and the quality of eggs. A diet with 50 % soybean meal supplementation was also beneficial for the hatchability and survivability of chicks up to 14 days of age. The addition of both sources of Hermetia illucens products had no significant effect on the content of nutrients or cholesterol levels in pheasant egg yolks. Supplementation of soybean meal with Hermetia illucens products contributed to an increase in the share of SFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 acids without a significant effect on AI, TI and h/H.
雉鸡的饮食中包含植物和/或动物成分，这可能会影响其产蛋性能、蛋的化学成分及孵化率。本研究的目的是确定用黑水虻（Hermetia illucens）产品（以虫粉或全干幼虫的形式）替代雉鸡日粮中50%或100%的提取后豆粕，对雉鸡蛋（Phasianus colchicus）的生产性能和化学成分的影响。研究在放置于鸟舍中的雉鸡（10只母鸡和1只公鸡）上进行，将其作为研究组。区分出五组（鸟舍）：一组对照（基础日粮）和四组实验组。实验因素是黑水虻（BSF）幼虫产品替代雉鸡日粮中豆粕的比例。第二组和第四组的雉鸡日粮中豆粕添加量为50%，而第三组和第五组的豆粕添加量为100%，第二组和第三组使用黑水虻虫粉，第四组和第五组使用全黑水虻幼虫。从每组收集的鸡蛋中，每次挑选100个用于孵化，30个用于实验室检测。对所有收集的鸡蛋进行称重，测定其形态特征，以及雏鸡至14日龄的孵化率和存活率。测定全蛋和蛋黄中的营养成分及胆固醇含量，以及蛋黄中的脂肪酸谱。最有效的饲喂方案是日粮中包含全黑水虻幼虫并添加100%的豆粕。这种日粮对产蛋和蛋的品质有积极影响。添加50%豆粕的日粮对雏鸡至14日龄的孵化率和存活率也有益。添加两种黑水虻产品来源对雉鸡蛋黄中的营养成分含量或胆固醇水平没有显著影响。用黑水虻产品补充豆粕有助于提高饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的比例以及n-6/n-3酸的比例，而对动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）、血栓形成指数（TI）和蛋黄高度与蛋黄直径之比（h/H）没有显著影响。
