Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Mircophysics, Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany.
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2022 Sep 15;19(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12989-022-00501-x.
Exposure to air pollutants is one of the major environmental health risks faced by populations globally. Information about inhaled particle deposition dose is crucial in establishing the dose-response function for assessing health-related effects due to exposure to air pollution.
This study aims to quantify the respiratory tract deposition (RTD) of equivalent black carbon (BC) particles in healthy young adults during a real-world commuting scenario, analyze factors affecting RTD of BC, and provide key parameters for the assessment of RTD.
A novel in situ method was applied to experimentally determine the RTD of BC particles among subjects in the highly polluted megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines. Exposure measurements were made for 40 volunteers during public transport and walking.
The observed BC exposure concentration was up to 17-times higher than in developed regions. The deposition dose rate (DDR) of BC was up to 3 times higher during commute inside a public transport compared to walking (11.6 versus 4.4 μg hr, respectively). This is twice higher than reported in similar studies. The average BC mass deposition fraction (DF) was found to be 43 ± 16%, which can in large be described by individual factors and does not depend on gender.
Commuting by open-sided public transport, commonly used in developing regions, poses a significant health risk due to acquiring extremely high doses of carcinogenic traffic-related pollutants. There is an urgent need to drastically update air pollution mitigation strategies for reduction of dangerously high emissions of BC in urban setting in developing regions. The presented mobile measurement set-up to determine respiratory tract deposition dose is a practical and cost-effective tool that can be used to investigate respiratory deposition in challenging environments.
暴露于空气污染物是全球人口面临的主要环境健康风险之一。关于吸入颗粒沉积剂量的信息对于建立评估因暴露于空气污染而导致的健康相关效应的剂量-反应关系至关重要。
本研究旨在量化健康年轻成年人在现实世界通勤场景中吸入等效黑碳（BC）颗粒的呼吸道沉积（RTD），分析影响 BC 沉积的因素，并提供评估 RTD 的关键参数。
应用一种新的原位方法在菲律宾大马尼拉高度污染的大都市中对受试者的 BC 颗粒 RTD 进行实验性测定。对 40 名志愿者在公共交通和步行期间进行暴露测量。
观察到的 BC 暴露浓度比发达地区高 17 倍。与步行相比，在公共交通工具内通勤时的 BC 沉积剂量率（DDR）要高 3 倍（分别为 11.6 和 4.4μg/hr）。这是类似研究报告的两倍。发现 BC 质量沉积分数（DF）的平均值为 43±16%，这在很大程度上可以由个体因素来描述，而不依赖于性别。
在发展中地区普遍使用的开放式公共交通工具通勤，由于摄入极高剂量的致癌交通相关污染物，会带来重大的健康风险。迫切需要彻底更新空气污染缓解策略，以减少发展中地区城市环境中 BC 危险排放。用于确定呼吸道沉积剂量的移动测量装置是一种实用且经济有效的工具，可用于在具有挑战性的环境中研究呼吸道沉积。
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