Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil.
Faculdade de Medicina Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Parasitol Res. 2022 Nov;121(11):3073-3082. doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07659-5. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
Human le ishmaniasis is a vector-borne, neglected infectious disease that is widely distributed in America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Current therapy is based on old and toxic drugs, including antimonials, aminoglycosides, and amphotericin. As a neglected disease, investment in the development of new therapeutic molecules is scarce. Considering these aspects, the optimization of treatment through novel delivery systems for current therapeutic agents is an attractive alternative. The encapsulation into liposomes of drugs used in treating leishmaniasis increases the concentration of these molecules in macrophages, which may not only increase the chance of cure but also expand their therapeutic spectrum to include resistant Leishmania, as well as reducing toxicity since the drug is less exposed to healthy cells. The classical example is the liposomal formulation of amphotericin B, a well-established therapeutic option that uses liposomes to decrease the progression of renal failure in patients. However, loading other leishmanicidal drugs into liposomes, such as pentavalent antimonials, presents an opportunity for innovative and cheaper therapeutic options for the treatment of human leishmaniasis. This review aims to discuss liposomes as a drug delivery system for leishmanicidal drugs.
人利什曼病是一种由媒介传播的、被忽视的传染病，广泛分布在美洲、非洲、欧洲和亚洲。目前的治疗方法基于老的和有毒的药物，包括锑剂、氨基糖苷类和两性霉素。作为一种被忽视的疾病，对新治疗分子开发的投资很少。考虑到这些方面，通过新型药物传递系统优化治疗方法是一种有吸引力的替代方法。将治疗利什曼病的药物包封在脂质体中可以增加这些分子在巨噬细胞中的浓度，这不仅可以增加治愈的机会，还可以扩大其治疗谱，包括耐药利什曼原虫，同时降低毒性，因为药物较少暴露于健康细胞。经典的例子是两性霉素 B 的脂质体制剂，这是一种成熟的治疗选择，它使用脂质体来降低肾衰竭患者的进展。然而，将其他杀利什曼原虫药物如五价锑剂载入脂质体中为治疗人利什曼病提供了创新和更廉价的治疗选择机会。本综述旨在讨论脂质体作为杀利什曼原虫药物的药物传递系统。
