Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, Laboratorio de Microbiología Agrícola y Ambiental. Km 2.5 Periférico Carlos A. Molina, CP 86570 H, Cárdenas, Tabasco, México.
Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa, Cuerpo Académico Energía y Medioambiente. Chontalpa, Carretera Cárdenas-Huimanguillo km 2, Ra. Paso y Playa, H. Cárdenas, CP 86500 H, Cárdenas, Tabasco, México.
Ecotoxicology. 2022 Oct;31(8):1241-1253. doi: 10.1007/s10646-022-02583-x. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons affects plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. Microbial activity participates in important biochemical processes that stimulate, together with plants, the modification of toxic compounds for organisms. A nine-month experiment was set up to study the effect over time of oil on plant height (cm), formation of new plants, plant matter production (gravimetry), and population of rhizospheric microorganisms (serial dilution) in the sedge Eleocharis palustris. Removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (soxhlet and gravimetry) from the soil was also evaluated. The means of the evaluated variables registered significant statistical differences (Duncan, p < 0.05) regarding the age of the plant and the amount of crude oil. There was a high correlation between oil and plant height (0.848) and with new plants (0.994). 60 mg oil dose promoted the greatest statistical difference in the amounts of roots and plant biomass (p < 0.05). E. palustris exposed to 60 and 75 mg of oil stimulated high densities of microalgae, actinomycetes, fungi, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp; the overall ratio was 2:1 relative to natural attenuation. Plant and microorganism variables evaluated registered physiological and microbiological hormetic indices ≥1, showing a positive linear relationship. Natural attenuation was more efficient in removing crude oil. We conclude that E. palustris is tolerant to oil exposure. It is suggested to combine it with natural attenuation for the optimization of soils contaminated with crude oil.
土壤中石油烃污染会影响植物和根际微生物。微生物活性参与了重要的生化过程，这些过程与植物一起刺激了对生物体有毒化合物的修饰。进行了为期九个月的实验，以研究石油对莎草属植物高度（cm）、新植物形成、植物物质生产（重量法）和根际微生物种群（系列稀释）的影响，莎草属植物是一种沼泽植物。还评估了从土壤中去除总石油烃（索氏提取和重量法）的效果。评估变量的平均值在植物年龄和原油量方面存在显著的统计学差异（邓肯，p<0.05）。石油与植物高度（0.848）和新植物（0.994）之间存在高度相关性。60mg 油剂量促进了根系和植物生物量的最大统计学差异（p<0.05）。暴露于 60 和 75mg 石油的莎草属植物刺激了微藻、放线菌、真菌、烃类降解细菌和假单胞菌属的高密度；与自然衰减相比，总体比例为 2:1。评估的植物和微生物变量记录了生理和微生物兴奋指数≥1，表现出正线性关系。自然衰减在去除原油方面更有效。我们得出结论，莎草属植物对石油暴露具有耐受性。建议将其与自然衰减相结合，以优化受原油污染的土壤。
