Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California90095, United States.
State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.
Chem Rev. 2022 Sep 28;122(18):14954-14986. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00166. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
Due to their solution processability and unique photoelectric characteristics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown considerable promise in the area of renewable energy. Although their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has risen from 3.8% to 25.7% in only a few years, their short lifetime and high material prices continue to be key roadblocks to commercial viability. Charge transporting materials (CTMs), such as hole/electron transporting materials, are critical components in PSCs because they not only govern hole or electron extraction and transporting from the perovskite layer to the electrodes but also protect the perovskite from direct contact with the ambient environment. CTMs are split into two types: inorganic CTMs (ICTMs) and organic CTMs (OCTMs). Because of their inexpensive prices, well-adjusted energy levels, and low temperature solution-processed features, OCTMs have been more frequently explored and employed than ICTMs. Various forms of OCTMs with more straightforward synthetic pathways and better performance have been thoroughly researched. Recent achievements in the development of OCTMs will be discussed and evaluated on a molecular level in this study, which will include a systematic categorization of OCTMs based on molecular functionalization techniques. In order to achieve highly efficient and stable PSCs, we will present insights on the structure-property relationship in the design of OCTMs as well as device stability. We hope that this analysis will serve as a comprehensive reference to molecular design guidelines for various types of OCTMs, spurring greater research toward designing highly efficient and OCTMs for stable PSCs.
由于其溶液处理能力和独特的光电特性，钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 在可再生能源领域显示出了相当大的潜力。尽管它们的功率转换效率 (PCE) 在短短几年内从 3.8%提高到了 25.7%，但其寿命短和材料价格高仍然是商业可行性的关键障碍。电荷传输材料 (CTM)，如空穴/电子传输材料，是 PSCs 的关键组成部分，因为它们不仅控制空穴或电子从钙钛矿层提取和传输到电极，而且还保护钙钛矿免受与环境的直接接触。CTM 分为两类：无机 CTM (ICTM) 和有机 CTM (OCTM)。由于其价格低廉、能级调节良好以及低温溶液处理的特点，OCTM 比 ICTM 更频繁地被探索和使用。各种具有更简单合成途径和更好性能的 OCTM 形式已经得到了深入研究。本研究将在分子水平上讨论和评估 OCTM 的最新进展，包括根据分子功能化技术对 OCTM 进行系统分类。为了实现高效稳定的 PSCs，我们将在 OCTM 的设计中提出关于结构-性能关系以及器件稳定性的见解。我们希望，这项分析将成为各种类型的 OCTM 分子设计指南的综合参考，推动对高效和稳定的 OCTM 进行更多的研究。
